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Language and Cognition01:27

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Daily crosswords improve verbal fluency: a brief intervention study.

Mike Murphy1, Katie O'Sullivan, Kieran G Kelleher

  • 1School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
|February 5, 2014
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Daily crossword puzzles may enhance phonemic verbal fluency (PVF) in older adults. This cognitive stimulation intervention improved performance in total score and cluster size compared to a control group.

Keywords:
agingcognitive reservecrosswordsinterventionverbal fluency

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Psycholinguistics

Background:

  • Phonemic verbal fluency (PVF) involves serial processes (clustering, switching) crucial for cognition.
  • Normal aging and dementia can negatively impact PVF.
  • Cognitive reserve hypothesis posits that stimulation can maintain or improve cognitive function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of a brief, crossword-based intervention on PVF performance.
  • To assess if cognitive stimulation can bolster PVF in cognitively normal older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-seven community-dwelling older adults participated.
  • Participants were randomized into a daily crossword group or a daily gratitude diary control group for 4 weeks.
  • Phonemic verbal fluency was assessed over time.

Main Results:

  • The crossword group showed significant improvements in total PVF scores over time compared to the control group.
  • Specifically, the crossword group demonstrated enhanced cluster size, a key component of PVF.
  • No significant changes were observed in the control group.

Conclusions:

  • Engaging in daily crosswords appears to be a simple and effective method for improving PVF in older individuals.
  • This suggests that targeted cognitive activities can positively impact specific cognitive functions relevant to aging and dementia.