[Three-dimensional finite element analysis of different reactive force direction of maxillary protraction on...

To analyze the influence of different reactive force direction of protractions on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) by establishing a three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) of craniomaxillofacial complex.

The CT image of the head of a healthy young male volunteer was obtained.With the help of Mimics software, we established a three-dimensional finite element model of craniomaxillofacial complex which included TMJ. The force pattern of maxillary protraction appliance was imitated. The force (5 N) was applied on the chin and the direction of force was from 22° to 49° relative to the occlusal plane. The displacement and stress distribution of TMJ were analyzed.

The contact stress on the maxilla decreased with the angle of the force direction increased from 22° to 40°, and increased with the angle increased from 40° to 49°. The stress on the condyle decreased with the angle of the force direction increased. The stress on the condylar neck decreased initially and then increased with the angle of the force direction increased. Comprehensively, the stress was the smallest when the angle of the force direction was 40°. The clockwise rotation of the mandible was found when the angle of the force direction was smaller than 40°. The displacement value was relatively small when the angle was 40°.

Stress and displacement were relatively small when the angle of the force direction was 40° relative to the occlusal plane.