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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Mouse Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
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Better safe than sorry: TOB1 employs multiple parallel regulatory pathways to keep Th17 cells quiet.

Fiamma Salerno1, René A W van Lier, Monika C Wolkers

  • 1Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research/Landsteiner laboratory AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

European Journal of Immunology
|February 6, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The transcriptional regulator TOB1 limits the proliferation of T helper 17 (Th17) cells. TOB1 impairs Interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and blocks cell cycle gene expression, revealing its role in controlling Th17 cell responses.

Keywords:
Gene regulationProliferationTOB1Th17 cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • T helper 17 (Th17) cells are crucial for host defense against bacterial and fungal infections.
  • Th17 cells are also implicated in the development of autoimmune diseases.
  • A key characteristic of Th17 cells is their poor proliferation upon stimulation, attributed to reduced T-cell receptor (TCR) sensitivity and low Interleukin-2 (IL-2) production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the limited proliferation of Th17 cells.
  • To identify key regulators controlling Th17 cell expansion.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the role of the transcriptional regulator TOB1 in Th17 cells.
  • Analyzed the impact of TOB1 on IL-2 production and cell cycle gene expression.
  • Examined the effects of TOB1 on Th17 cell signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Identified TOB1 as a critical transcriptional regulator that suppresses Th17 cell proliferation.
  • Demonstrated that TOB1 impairs IL-2 production in Th17 cells.
  • Showed that TOB1 blocks the expression of essential cell cycle genes.
  • Revealed that TOB1 acts through multiple pathways, including signal transduction and transcription, to inhibit proliferation.

Conclusions:

  • TOB1 acts as a molecular brake on Th17 cell proliferation.
  • Understanding TOB1's function provides insights into controlling Th17-mediated immunity and autoimmunity.
  • Targeting TOB1 may offer therapeutic strategies for immune-related disorders.