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Related Concept Videos

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The key difference between Superficial Vein Thrombosis (SVT) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) lies in their location and severity.Clinical ManifestationsSVT typically presents with localized pain, tenderness, and redness along the course of a superficial vein, often accompanied by a palpable, cord-like structure under the skin. This condition is usually less dangerous than DVT but can be uncomfortable and may lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, a clot extension into the deep...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

The Nijmegen Hemostasis Assay: Simultaneous Fluorogenic Measurement of Thrombin and Plasmin Generation in a Single Well
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Laboratory tests for the antiphospholipid syndrome.

Charis Pericleous1, Vera M Ripoll, Ian Giles

  • 1Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, London, UK.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|February 6, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) diagnosis relies on detecting specific antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), including lupus anticoagulant (LA), anticardiolipin (aCL), and anti-β₂ glycoprotein I (aβ₂GPI). Standardized laboratory tests are crucial for confirming APS in patients with thrombosis or pregnancy complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Autoimmune disorders
  • Immunology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune condition.
  • Characterized by recurrent vascular thrombosis (VT) and/or pregnancy morbidity (PM).
  • Diagnosis requires persistent antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe standard laboratory tests for APS diagnosis.
  • Discuss clinical and theoretical aspects of key aPL assays.
  • Highlight the role of aPL in APS pathogenesis and diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Detection of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) using standardized assays.
  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for anticardiolipin (aCL) and anti-β₂ glycoprotein I (aβ₂GPI) antibodies.
  • Clotting assays for lupus anticoagulant (LA) detection.

Main Results:

  • Persistent aPL are diagnostic markers for APS.
  • aPL are heterogeneous antibodies targeting phospholipids and associated proteins.
  • Standardized assays are essential for reliable APS diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • APS diagnosis is confirmed by persistently positive aPL assays.
  • Laboratory tests like LA, aCL, and aβ₂GPI assays are critical.
  • Understanding these assays is vital for managing APS.