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The evolving epidemiology of stone disease
Ksenia Roudakova1, Manoj Monga2
1State University of New York, Downstate, USA.
Summary
Kidney stone (nephrolithiasis) prevalence is rising, and the gender gap is narrowing. This review explores diet, obesity, and environmental factors driving these epidemiological shifts and discusses prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Kidney stone (nephrolithiasis) prevalence is increasing globally.
- The historical gender disparity in kidney stone incidence is diminishing.
- Understanding the drivers of these epidemiological changes is crucial for public health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the evolving epidemiology of kidney stones.
- To investigate potential causes for increased prevalence and narrowed gender gap, including diet, obesity, and environmental factors.
- To identify modifiable risk factors and inform disease prevention strategies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of epidemiological studies on kidney stones.
- Analysis of trends in prevalence and incidence across different demographics.
- Synthesis of research on the impact of lifestyle and environmental factors on stone formation.
Main Results:
- Increasing prevalence of kidney stones across various populations.
- Narrowing of the gender gap in kidney stone incidence.
- Emerging evidence implicates changes in diet, rising obesity rates, and environmental exposures.
Conclusions:
- The epidemiology of kidney stones is undergoing significant changes.
- Modifiable risk factors such as diet and obesity appear to play a substantial role.
- Public health initiatives focusing on these factors are essential for kidney stone prevention.
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