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Increased risk of wheeze and decreased lung function after respiratory syncytial virus infection

Kim Zomer-Kooijker1, Cornelis K van der Ent1, Marieke J J Ermers2

  • 1Department of Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Plos One
|February 6, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Infants hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis face a higher risk of developing asthma and wheezing, along with impaired lung function by school age.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Respiratory Medicine
  • Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases
  • Childhood Asthma Research

Background:

  • Previous case-control studies suggest a link between respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis hospitalization and later asthma development.
  • Understanding this association is crucial for early identification and intervention strategies in at-risk children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the long-term respiratory outcomes in school-aged children following infant hospitalization for RSV bronchiolitis.
  • To compare the incidence of current wheeze, asthma diagnosis, and lung function between children hospitalized for RSV bronchiolitis and non-hospitalized peers.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from a prospective birth cohort (n=553) and a prospective patient cohort (n=155) of term infants.
  • Compared respiratory outcomes at age 6 between infants hospitalized for RSV bronchiolitis and a control group of non-hospitalized children.

Main Results:

  • Hospitalization for RSV bronchiolitis significantly increased the risk of current wheeze (aOR 3.2) and current asthma (aOR 3.1) at age 6.
  • Children with a history of RSV hospitalization exhibited lower lung function, indicated by a mean difference in FEV1% predicted of -6.8.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first evidence linking infant hospitalization for RSV bronchiolitis to an increased risk of wheezing, asthma, and reduced lung function at age 6.
  • Findings highlight the importance of monitoring respiratory health in children with a history of severe RSV infection.
Abstract

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