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Updated: May 3, 2026

A Method for Evaluating Insecticide Efficacy against Bed Bug, Cimex lectularius, Eggs and First Instars
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Cold tolerance of bed bugs and practical recommendations for control.

Joelle F Olson1, Marc Eaton2, Stephen A Kells2

  • 1Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 219 Hodson Hall, 1980 Folwell Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA. fili0030@umn.edu

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|February 7, 2014
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Summary

Bed bugs are freeze intolerant, with all life stages dying below -13°C. Freezing temperatures below -31.2°C are lethal, but survival is possible above -12°C for a week.

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Area of Science:

  • Entomology
  • Pest Management

Background:

  • Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) are significant global pests.
  • Understanding their tolerance to environmental stressors like cold is crucial for control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the cold tolerance and mortality of all bed bug life stages.
  • To establish lethal temperature thresholds for effective pest control.

Main Methods:

  • Bed bugs across all life stages were exposed to various freezing temperatures and durations.
  • Supercooling points and lower lethal temperature (LLT99) were calculated using probit analysis.

Main Results:

  • The mean supercooling point ranged from -21.3°C to -30.3°C.
  • The combined LLT99 was -31.2°C, indicating freeze intolerance.
  • Temperatures below -13°C ensured 100% mortality within days, while survival was possible above -12°C for up to a week.

Conclusions:

  • Bed bugs are susceptible to freezing temperatures, with specific thresholds for mortality.
  • -13°C for several days is recommended for complete eradication.
  • Sublethal cold exposure did not inhibit subsequent feeding behavior.