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Updated: May 3, 2026

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model
Published on: June 18, 2021
Biomarkers as outcome predictors in subarachnoid hemorrhage--a systematic review
Caron M Hong1, Cigdem Tosun, David B Kurland
1Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine .
Context:
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has a high fatality rate and many suffer from delayed neurological deficits. Biomarkers may aid in the identification of high-risk patients, guide treatment/management and improve outcome.
Objective:
The aim of this review was to summarize biomarkers of SAH associated with outcome.
Methods:
An electronic database query was completed, including an additional review of reference lists to include all potential human studies.
Results:
A total of 298 articles were identified; 112 were reviewed; 55 studies were included.
Conclusion:
This review details biomarkers of SAH that correlate with outcome. It provides the basis for research investigating their possible translation into the management of SAH patients.
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