Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Evolution of New Traits in Microbes01:24

Evolution of New Traits in Microbes

199
Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...
199
Evolutionary Processes in Microbes01:26

Evolutionary Processes in Microbes

202
Microbial evolution occurs rapidly due to short generation times and a variety of genetic processes, including horizontal gene transfer, mutation, recombination, and genetic drift. These mechanisms collectively enable microbes to adapt swiftly to changing environments.Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) allows genes to move between different species and occurs through three main mechanisms: conjugation, transformation, and transduction. Conjugation involves direct cell-to-cell contact for DNA...
202
Microbial Interactions: Parasitism01:22

Microbial Interactions: Parasitism

108
Parasitism is a form of microbial interaction in which parasitic microbes exploit a host organism for nutrients and shelter, often at the host's expense. Unlike mutualistic relationships, where both organisms benefit, parasitism benefits only the parasite and harms the host.Classification of ParasitesMicrobial parasites are broadly classified based on their location relative to the host.Ectoparasites remain on the host’s surface, such as the skin or outer tissues, drawing nutrients...
108
Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

18.8K
Overview
18.8K
Transduction01:16

Transduction

3.0K
Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
3.0K
Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

20.1K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
20.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sociability is a Multidimensional Trait in Drosophila melanogaster.

Behavior genetics·2026
Same author

Prevalence and distribution of two polycipiviruses in wild black garden ants (Lasius niger L.) in the Netherlands.

Journal of invertebrate pathology·2026
Same author

Differential transcriptomic and circadian regulation across giant kelp blades based on relative tissue age.

Journal of phycology·2026
Same author

Haplotype-Resolved Chromatin Conformation Data Reveals Relationship Between Transposable Elements and Chromosomal Pairing.

Genome biology and evolution·2025
Same author

Leveraging advances in RNAi and CRISPR for improved biological pest control.

Current opinion in insect science·2025
Same author

Comparative Genomics of Sex-Determination-Related Genes Reveals Shared Evolutionary Patterns Between Bivalves and Mammals, but Not Fruit Flies.

Molecular ecology·2025
Same journal

Chronic limb loading results in remarkable load carriage economy in growing fowl.

Proceedings. Biological sciences·2026
Same journal

Motion-from-structure in face perception: expectations of natural face motion depend on face shape.

Proceedings. Biological sciences·2026
Same journal

Unification and generalization of models of zygote survival.

Proceedings. Biological sciences·2026
Same journal

Phenological type- and diameter-dependent effects of individual light availability and interannual climate variation on tree growth.

Proceedings. Biological sciences·2026
Same journal

Interaction range of common goods shapes Black Queen dynamics beyond the cheater-cooperator narrative.

Proceedings. Biological sciences·2026
Same journal

Stingray spine diversity reflects performance trade-offs linked to puncture and breakability.

Proceedings. Biological sciences·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Methods for Rearing the Parasitoid Ganaspis brasiliensis, a Promising Biological Control Agent for the Invasive Drosophila suzukii
07:56

Methods for Rearing the Parasitoid Ganaspis brasiliensis, a Promising Biological Control Agent for the Invasive Drosophila suzukii

Published on: June 2, 2022

4.2K

Genomic changes under rapid evolution: selection for parasitoid resistance.

Kirsten M Jalvingh1, Peter L Chang, Sergey V Nuzhdin

  • 1Evolutionary Genetics Group, University of Groningen, , Groningen, The Netherlands, Theoretical Biology Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, , Groningen, The Netherlands, Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, , Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|February 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fruit flies rapidly evolved enhanced immunity to parasitoids through strong experimental selection. Genomic analysis revealed localized genetic changes, highlighting key regions and genes responsible for this swift evolutionary adaptation.

Keywords:
Drosophila melanogasterexperimental selectionhigh-throughput-sequencingimmunityparasitoid defencequantitative genetics

More Related Videos

Embryo Microinjection and Knockout Mutant Identification of CRISPR/Cas9 Genome-Edited Helicoverpa Armigera Hübner
06:37

Embryo Microinjection and Knockout Mutant Identification of CRISPR/Cas9 Genome-Edited Helicoverpa Armigera Hübner

Published on: July 1, 2021

3.7K
CRISPR-Cas9-based Mutagenesis in the Entomopathogenic Nematode Steinernema hermaphroditum and the Maintenance of Mutant Lines
07:13

CRISPR-Cas9-based Mutagenesis in the Entomopathogenic Nematode Steinernema hermaphroditum and the Maintenance of Mutant Lines

Published on: December 30, 2025

502

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

Methods for Rearing the Parasitoid Ganaspis brasiliensis, a Promising Biological Control Agent for the Invasive Drosophila suzukii
07:56

Methods for Rearing the Parasitoid Ganaspis brasiliensis, a Promising Biological Control Agent for the Invasive Drosophila suzukii

Published on: June 2, 2022

4.2K
Embryo Microinjection and Knockout Mutant Identification of CRISPR/Cas9 Genome-Edited Helicoverpa Armigera Hübner
06:37

Embryo Microinjection and Knockout Mutant Identification of CRISPR/Cas9 Genome-Edited Helicoverpa Armigera Hübner

Published on: July 1, 2021

3.7K
CRISPR-Cas9-based Mutagenesis in the Entomopathogenic Nematode Steinernema hermaphroditum and the Maintenance of Mutant Lines
07:13

CRISPR-Cas9-based Mutagenesis in the Entomopathogenic Nematode Steinernema hermaphroditum and the Maintenance of Mutant Lines

Published on: December 30, 2025

502

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Understanding rapid evolutionary adaptation is crucial for predicting species' responses to environmental changes.
  • Parasitoid resistance in Drosophila melanogaster provides a tractable model for studying immune system evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize genome-wide changes during swift evolutionary adaptation of Drosophila melanogaster to parasitoid attack.
  • To identify specific genomic regions and genes under strong selection.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental evolution with strong selection on parasitoid resistance in Drosophila melanogaster.
  • High-throughput whole-genome sequencing of selected and control lines.
  • Analysis of allele frequency changes in segregating sites within narrow genomic regions.

Main Results:

  • Selection lines rapidly evolved twofold increased larval survival against parasitoids within five generations.
  • Whole-genome sequencing identified multiple, highly localized genomic regions (<5% of the genome) with significant signatures of selection.
  • Significant allele frequency shifts were observed in 42 candidate genes within these selected regions, particularly on chromosome 2R.

Conclusions:

  • Swift and strong selection on innate immunity can drive rapid, localized genomic adaptation.
  • High genetic variability and small linkage disequilibrium in the base population facilitated this complex trait evolution without widespread genomic erosion.
  • Specific genomic regions, notably on chromosome 2R, harbor major genetic effects influencing parasitoid defense.