Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Self-Regulation01:25

Self-Regulation

359
Self-regulation, also known as self-control, encompasses a range of cognitive and behavioral processes that allow individuals to adjust their internal states and outward actions to align with socially acceptable norms and long-term goals. It plays a fundamental role in adaptive functioning, from resisting impulsive behaviors to persisting through challenging tasks. While its benefits are widely recognized, self-regulation is not limitless. Muraven and Baumeister's theory posits that...
359
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

17.9K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.  
17.9K
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

36.2K
People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
36.2K
Self-Awareness and Its Effects01:21

Self-Awareness and Its Effects

416
Self-awareness is a psychological state in which the individual becomes the focal point of their attention. This inward focus transforms the self into an object of contemplation and assessment, influencing how individuals perceive their actions and their alignment with personal and societal standards.Triggers and Contexts for Self-AwarenessSelf-awareness can be activated by external stimuli that make individuals visually or audibly aware of themselves, such as mirrors, cameras, or recordings.
416
Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects01:29

Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects

515
Self-discrepancy theory explains how people compare their actual self to their ideal and ought selves and how mismatches between these self-guides can lead to emotional distress. Developed by E. Tory Higgins, the theory distinguishes among three components of self-concept: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. These refer respectively to how individuals perceive themselves, how they aspire to be, and how they believe they are obligated to be. Emotional well-being, self-esteem,...
515
Strategies of Self-Presentation III: Self-Monitoring01:24

Strategies of Self-Presentation III: Self-Monitoring

436
Self-monitoring is a central construct in understanding individual differences in self-presentation strategies across social contexts. It refers to how individuals observe, regulate, and control their expressive behavior and self-presentation following situational cues. Self-monitoring reflects a person's sensitivity to social appropriateness and willingness to adapt behavior to fit varying interpersonal demands.High vs. Low Self-Monitoring IndividualsIndividuals high in self-monitoring are...
436

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Global Perspective on the Evolution and Future of Pharmacovigilance: Deliverables from the 24th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Pharmacovigilance Celebrating 25 Years of Excellence.

Drug safety·2026
Same author

Expressions of appreciation facilitate love and cooperation.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2026
Same author

Dealing with failure in junior elite beach volleyball teams: Why trying to help can make things worse.

Psychology of sport and exercise·2026
Same author

Psychological Knowledge as an Essential Component of Adequate Medical Care: Position Statement for the Integration of Biopsychosocial Components in Modern Cardiology.

Heart and mind (Mumbai, India)·2026
Same author

Do people really avoid effort? A cost - benefit perspective on the principle of least effort.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026
Same author

Socializing While Alone: Loss of Impact and Engagement When Interacting Remotely via Technology.

Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children
07:01

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children

Published on: March 1, 2019

7.5K

Action versus state orientation and self-control performance after depletion.

Peter Gröpel1, Roy F Baumeister, Jürgen Beckmann

  • 11Technische Universität München, Germany.

Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin
|February 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Action-oriented individuals better manage depleted self-control resources compared to state-oriented individuals. Personality traits significantly moderate the effects of resource depletion on cognitive performance.

Keywords:
action orientationego depletionself-controlself-regulation

More Related Videos

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance
13:20

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance

Published on: December 5, 2025

1.4K
A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
08:05

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

9.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children
07:01

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children

Published on: March 1, 2019

7.5K
Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance
13:20

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance

Published on: December 5, 2025

1.4K
A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
08:05

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

9.8K

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Personality Psychology

Background:

  • Self-control relies on limited resources.
  • Depletion of these resources impairs subsequent performance.
  • Individual differences in personality may influence responses to resource depletion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how action versus state orientation moderates the effects of self-control resource depletion on cognitive performance.
  • To examine if personality traits influence the impact of depletion on tasks requiring attention and cognitive control.

Main Methods:

  • Three studies were conducted involving depleting tasks (physical exercise, vigilance, sensorimotor task) followed by cognitive tests (d2 test of attention, critical fusion frequency, Stroop test).
  • Participants were assessed on their action or state orientation.
  • Performance was compared between action- and state-oriented individuals under both depleting and non-depleting conditions.

Main Results:

  • Action-oriented individuals outperformed state-oriented individuals on cognitive tasks after resource depletion.
  • No significant differences were observed in initial performance or in non-depleting contexts.
  • Personality (action vs. state orientation) moderated the impact of self-control depletion on subsequent performance.

Conclusions:

  • The impact of self-control resource depletion on cognitive performance is not universal but is significantly moderated by personality traits.
  • Action orientation facilitates continued resource allocation despite depletion, leading to better performance.
  • State orientation may involve conserving resources, potentially leading to reduced performance after depletion.