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Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...

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A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...

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Updated: May 3, 2026

Massive Pontine Hemorrhage by Dual Injection of Autologous Blood

Massive Pontine Hemorrhage by Dual Injection of Autologous Blood

Published on: May 29, 2021

[Cognitive dysfunction in patients with pontine hemorrhage].

Hiroaki Neki¹, Fumitaka Yamane, Aiko Osawa

¹Division of Endovascular Neurosurgery, Stroke Center, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center.

No Shinkei Geka. Neurological Surgery

|February 7, 2014

Summary

Cognitive dysfunction is common after pontine hemorrhage, contrary to prior beliefs. Larger hematoma volumes correlate with poorer performance on cognitive tests like MMSE and RCPM.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Neurology

Context:

Brainstem strokes, specifically pontine hemorrhages, are infrequently associated with cognitive dysfunction.
This study investigates the prevalence and characteristics of cognitive impairments following pontine hemorrhages.

Purpose:

To examine the occurrence and nature of cognitive dysfunction in patients who have experienced pontine hemorrhages.
To determine the correlation between hematoma volume, localization, and cognitive test performance.

Summary:

Ten patients with pontine hemorrhages underwent neuropsychological testing (MMSE, RCPM, FAB).
Eight patients exhibited abnormal cognitive test scores.
Hematoma volume significantly correlated negatively with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices (RCPM) scores, but not with the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). Hematoma location did not correlate with cognitive function.

Impact:

Findings suggest cognitive dysfunction is not rare after pontine hemorrhage.
Highlights the necessity of comprehensive cognitive assessments for patients with infratentorial lesions.