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BAFF receptor deficiency limits gammaherpesvirus infection.

Bruno Frederico1, Janet S May, Stacey Efstathiou

  • 1Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

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Gammaherpesviruses (γHVs) exploit host B cell proliferation pathways, requiring the B cell-activating factor receptor (BAFF-R) for colonization. Targeting BAFF-R may reduce γHV-associated B cell proliferation and prevent cancers.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Gammaherpesviruses (γHVs) are linked to cancers through the proliferation of infected cells, particularly B cells.
  • The precise mechanisms by which γHVs drive B cell proliferation in vivo remain unclear, with debate on direct viral control versus exploitation of host pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of host cell pathways in γHV-driven B cell proliferation.
  • To investigate the contribution of the B cell-activating factor receptor (BAFF-R) in γHV colonization and B cell proliferation in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized murid herpesvirus 4 (MuHV-4) infection model in mice.
  • Compared B cell colonization and viral loads in wild-type and BAFF-R knockout mice.
  • Analyzed the dependence of virus-driven B cell proliferation on CD4(+) T cell help and BAFF-R signaling.

Main Results:

  • MuHV-4-driven B cell proliferation quantitatively depends on CD4(+) T cell help.
  • B cell infection occurred in BAFF-R knockout mice, but viral loads remained low.
  • A significant BAFF-R-dependent defect in germinal center colonization was observed in BAFF-R knockout mice.

Conclusions:

  • γHVs, exemplified by MuHV-4, exploit host proliferation pathways, specifically requiring BAFF-R for efficient B cell colonization.
  • The findings suggest that γHVs primarily induce infected B cells into normal germinal center reactions rather than driving autonomous proliferation.
  • Interfering with BAFF-R signaling presents a potential therapeutic strategy to reduce γHV-associated B cell proliferation and associated cancers.