Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Veins of Head and Neck

Veins of Head and Neck

The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
On the other hand, the vertebral veins, unlike their arterial counterparts, are not primarily responsible for brain drainage. Instead, they drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and some small...

Arteries of the Head and Neck

Arteries of the Head and Neck

The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Double Free Style Perforator Propeller Flaps for Large Posterior Trunk Defects Post Sarcoma Excision.

Indian journal of plastic surgery : official publication of the Association of Plastic Surgeons of India·2025

Same author

Two-dimensional QSAR-driven virtual screening for potential therapeutics against <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>.

Frontiers in chemistry·2025

Same author

TFL Perforator Flap Complementing and Completing the ALT-AMT Flap Axis.

Archives of plastic surgery·2024

Same author

Division versus de-epithelialization of fibula osteocutaneous flap for composite oromandibular defects: A propensity score-matched analysis.

Oral oncology·2024

Same author

DIEP Flap for Head and Neck Reconstruction: An Underutilized Option!

Indian journal of plastic surgery : official publication of the Association of Plastic Surgeons of India·2024

Same author

Management of Through-and-Through Oromandibular Defects after Segmental Mandibulectomy with Fibula Osteocutaneous Flap.

Journal of reconstructive microsurgery·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Modified Radical Neck Dissection for Cervical Metastasis

Modified Radical Neck Dissection for Cervical Metastasis

Published on: February 20, 2026

Head and neck reconstruction.

¹Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery : Official Publication of the Association of Plastic Surgeons of India

|February 7, 2014

Summary

Reconstructive surgery utilizes advanced free flaps like the Radial Artery (FRAF), Anterolateral Thigh (ALT), and Fibula Osteocutaneous Flap (FFOCF) for defect repair. These versatile flaps offer excellent outcomes, with high survival rates improving patient management.

Keywords:

Free flap head and neck reconstruction

More Related Videos

Porcine As a Training Module for Head and Neck Microvascular Reconstruction

Porcine As a Training Module for Head and Neck Microvascular Reconstruction

Published on: September 29, 2018

Surgical Approach to Full Soft Tissue Face Allograft Procurement for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation

Surgical Approach to Full Soft Tissue Face Allograft Procurement for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation

Published on: December 30, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

Modified Radical Neck Dissection for Cervical Metastasis

Modified Radical Neck Dissection for Cervical Metastasis

Published on: February 20, 2026

Porcine As a Training Module for Head and Neck Microvascular Reconstruction

Porcine As a Training Module for Head and Neck Microvascular Reconstruction

Published on: September 29, 2018

Surgical Approach to Full Soft Tissue Face Allograft Procurement for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation

Surgical Approach to Full Soft Tissue Face Allograft Procurement for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation

Published on: December 30, 2025

Area of Science:

Plastic Surgery
Microsurgery
Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

Reconstructive surgery aims to restore form and function after tissue excision.
Free flap reconstruction has become a standard procedure for complex defects.
Advances in microsurgical techniques have improved flap survival rates.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the efficacy and versatility of three popular free flaps in reconstructive surgery.
To emphasize the reconstructive potential of Radial Artery (FRAF), Anterolateral Thigh (ALT), and Fibula Osteocutaneous Flap (FFOCF).

Main Methods:

Review of common free flap techniques used in reconstructive surgery.
Description of the characteristics and applications of FRAF, ALT, and FFOCF.
Discussion of flap survival rates and functional outcomes.

Main Results:

FRAF offers thin, pliable, innervated skin.
ALT provides ample skin and bulk.
FFOCF delivers strong bone segments (22-25 cm) and a reliable skin paddle.
Free flap survival rates approach 98% in leading institutions.

Conclusions:

FRAF, ALT, and FFOCF are highly effective free flaps for reconstructing diverse defects.
These flaps provide excellent aesthetic and functional results.
High free flap survival rates signify their established role in modern reconstructive surgery.