Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine01:26

Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine

34.0K
Complex carbohydrates consumed cannot be absorbed into the small intestine in their original form. First, they must be hydrolyzed to a monosaccharide form such as glucose or galactose. These monosaccharides are then transported across the intestinal membrane and into the blood via transcellular transport. The intestinal epithelial cells allow the movement of these monosaccharides with a defined 'entry' through membrane transporter proteins present on their apical membrane and...
34.0K
Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

15.2K
Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
15.2K
Carbohydrate Absorption01:25

Carbohydrate Absorption

12.8K
Carbohydrates are essential macronutrients that serve as the body's primary energy source. Their digestion begins in the mouth, where salivary amylase partially breaks down complex carbohydrates such as starch into smaller oligosaccharides. This mechanical and enzymatic activity prepares carbohydrates for further processing in the gastrointestinal tract.
After being swallowed, the partially digested carbohydrates mix with gastric secretions in the stomach. However, the acidic environment...
12.8K
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Disease States and Pharmacology01:25

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Disease States and Pharmacology

1.9K
Multiple disease states can significantly influence the oral drug absorption process by affecting blood flow and the functionality of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Various GI diseases, including conditions that alter GI motility, such as diarrhea, decreased acid secretions (achlorhydria), and infections, have been associated with reduced drug absorption.
Substances such as alcohol and specific drugs, including antineoplastics, can also negatively impact drug absorption. For instance,...
1.9K
Transcellular Transport of Solutes01:23

Transcellular Transport of Solutes

4.0K
Transcellular transport of solutes is the movement of substances like monosaccharides and amino acids through polarized cells. This transport mechanism is primarily seen in epithelial and endothelial cells aided by membrane transport proteins such as channels and transporters. The tight junctions between these cells confine the membrane proteins to the two sides of the cell. The epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral domains. In contrast, the endothelial cells show the luminal...
4.0K
Histology of the Small Intestine01:27

Histology of the Small Intestine

5.0K
The small intestine exhibits a unique histological structure that significantly enhances its function in digestion and nutrient absorption. These structures include circular folds, villi, and various specialized cells that collectively facilitate the digestion of food.
The intestinal lining features transverse folds called circular folds, each housing fingerlike projections known as intestinal villi. These villi are covered by a layer of simple columnar epithelium, also referred to as...
5.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Inter-individual variation in gastric emptying is related to GLP-1 response to intraduodenal glucose exposure in health.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same author

Effects of Pharmacological GIP Infusion on Insulin, Glucagon, and Cardiovascular Responses During Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes.

Diabetes·2026
Same author

Development of a gut-on-a-chip platform to monitor dynamic GLP-1 secretion from primary intestinal tissue.

Biosensors & bioelectronics·2026
Same author

Gastroenterological Society of Australia Position Statement on the Assessment and Management of Idiopathic Gastroparesis.

Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology·2026
Same author

Impact of gastric emptying and small intestinal carbohydrate absorption on glycemia in health and diabetes: therapeutic implications.

Physiological reviews·2026
Same author

Relative contributions of basal vs postprandial hyperglycaemia to overall glycaemic control in newly diagnosed Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes before and after 3 months' intensive glucose-lowering therapy.

Journal of diabetes investigation·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Extracellular Glucose Depletion as an Indirect Measure of Glucose Uptake in Cells and Tissues Ex Vivo
10:35

Extracellular Glucose Depletion as an Indirect Measure of Glucose Uptake in Cells and Tissues Ex Vivo

Published on: April 6, 2022

2.7K

Glucose absorption in small intestinal diseases.

Sony S Thazhath1, Tongzhi Wu, Richard L Young

  • 1Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.

Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
|February 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The gut plays a key role in glucose homeostasis. Intestinal disorders, including Type 2 diabetes, can alter glucose absorption, impacting overall metabolic health.

More Related Videos

Mechanisms Underlying Gut Hormone Secretion Using the Isolated Perfused Rat Small Intestine
07:00

Mechanisms Underlying Gut Hormone Secretion Using the Isolated Perfused Rat Small Intestine

Published on: February 26, 2019

9.1K
A Simple Flow Cytometric Method to Measure Glucose Uptake and Glucose Transporter Expression for Monocyte Subpopulations in Whole Blood
06:28

A Simple Flow Cytometric Method to Measure Glucose Uptake and Glucose Transporter Expression for Monocyte Subpopulations in Whole Blood

Published on: August 12, 2016

16.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

Extracellular Glucose Depletion as an Indirect Measure of Glucose Uptake in Cells and Tissues Ex Vivo
10:35

Extracellular Glucose Depletion as an Indirect Measure of Glucose Uptake in Cells and Tissues Ex Vivo

Published on: April 6, 2022

2.7K
Mechanisms Underlying Gut Hormone Secretion Using the Isolated Perfused Rat Small Intestine
07:00

Mechanisms Underlying Gut Hormone Secretion Using the Isolated Perfused Rat Small Intestine

Published on: February 26, 2019

9.1K
A Simple Flow Cytometric Method to Measure Glucose Uptake and Glucose Transporter Expression for Monocyte Subpopulations in Whole Blood
06:28

A Simple Flow Cytometric Method to Measure Glucose Uptake and Glucose Transporter Expression for Monocyte Subpopulations in Whole Blood

Published on: August 12, 2016

16.1K

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Regulation
  • Gut Physiology

Background:

  • The gut is crucial for glucose homeostasis, influencing both absorption and metabolic feedback.
  • Intestinal disorders can significantly impact glucose absorption, leading to detrimental health outcomes.
  • Understanding these gut-related mechanisms is vital for managing metabolic diseases like diabetes and obesity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the normal physiology of glucose absorption and its quantification methods.
  • To explore structural and functional intestinal changes in conditions affecting glucose homeostasis.
  • To highlight the impact of obesity, critical illness, short gut syndrome, and Type 2 diabetes on carbohydrate absorption.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent developments in diabetes and obesity management.
  • Description of normal glucose absorption physiology and quantification techniques.
  • Analysis of structural and functional intestinal alterations in various disease states.

Main Results:

  • The gut's role in glucose absorption and neurohumoral regulation is central to glucose homeostasis.
  • Intestinal disorders can either enhance (e.g., diabetes) or inhibit (e.g., short-gut syndrome) glucose absorption.
  • Specific focus on Type 2 diabetes and its impact on small intestine function and carbohydrate absorption.

Conclusions:

  • Intestinal structure and function are critical determinants of glucose homeostasis.
  • Dysregulation of gut glucose absorption is implicated in obesity and Type 2 diabetes.
  • Further research into gut-specific interventions may offer novel therapeutic strategies for metabolic disorders.