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Related Concept Videos

Functions of the Lymphatic and Immune System01:28

Functions of the Lymphatic and Immune System

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The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in bolstering our immune system. It consists of a network of lymphoid organs, lymph, and lymphatic vessels that provide structural and functional support in safeguarding the body against pathogens such as viruses and bacteria.
The primary lymphoid organs, including the bone marrow and the thymus, serve as the maturation sites for lymphocytes. Secondary lymphoid organs, like the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, activate these lymphocytes and serve as...
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Introduction to Lymphatic and Immune System01:23

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Immunity is a crucial biological concept about our body's inherent capacity to prevent infections and diseases. A complex network of cells and tissues collectively known as the immune system facilitates this natural defense mechanism. The immune system plays an integral role in maintaining our health and well-being, shielding us from potential health threats.
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Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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The Oral Microbiota01:27

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The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
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Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

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Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Isolation, Processing and Analysis of Murine Gingival Cells
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Lymphatic function and responses in periodontal disease.

Ellen Berggreen1, Helge Wiig1

  • 1Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway.

Experimental Cell Research
|February 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Lymphatic vessels in the gums are crucial for fluid drainage and immune response. Impaired lymphatic function in periodontal disease may worsen the condition, highlighting an unexplored area of research.

Keywords:
EdemaLymph flowLymphatic growth factorsPeriodontitisPorphyromonas gingivalisVascular endothelial growth factor C

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Area of Science:

  • Oral biology
  • Immunology
  • Vascular biology

Background:

  • Lymphatic vessels drain fluid and support immune cell movement.
  • Gingival lymphatics are vital for fluid homeostasis and immune surveillance in the gums.
  • Their maintenance depends on vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and D signaling via VEGFR-3.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of gingival lymphatic vessels in periodontal disease.
  • To investigate the impact of lymphatic dysfunction on disease progression and immune response.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on gingival lymphatics and periodontal disease.
  • Analysis of the role of VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 signaling in lymphangiogenesis.
  • Examination of lymphatic function in the context of bacterial clearance and immune responses.

Main Results:

  • Lack of gingival lymphatics increases interstitial fluid pressure and volume.
  • VEGF-C is critical for lymphangiogenesis during periodontal disease development.
  • Impaired lymphatic function, indicated by CCL21 downregulation, is observed in periodontitis patients.

Conclusions:

  • Gingival lymphatics play a protective role against periodontitis by clearing bacteria and promoting immune responses.
  • Dysfunctional gingival lymphatics in periodontitis patients may result from high enzymatic activity.
  • The role of lymphatic vessels in periodontal disease is an understudied but critical area.