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Methods of Documentation VII: EMR01:30

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Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) primarily center around electronically documenting patients' health information within a single healthcare organization or practice. They contain essential clinical data related to a patient's medical history, diagnoses, medications, treatment plans, lab results, and other pertinent information relevant to the specific encounter or episode of care. EMRs are designed to streamline documentation and workflow processes within individual healthcare...
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Advancing cognitive engineering methods to support user interface design for electronic health records.

Thankam P Thyvalikakath1, Michael P Dziabiak2, Raymond Johnson3

  • 1Dental Informatics Core, Indiana University School of Dentistry, 1121 W Michigan Street, S316, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Inc., 410 West 10th Street, Suite 2000, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

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|February 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Understanding dentists' information needs during patient exams is key to improving electronic dental record usability. This study documented cognitive processes to inform better health information technology design.

Keywords:
Cognitive engineeringCognitive task analysisElectronic dental recordsElectronic health recordsSystem designUsability

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive science
  • Human-computer interaction
  • Dental informatics

Background:

  • Health information technology adoption in ambulatory care, including dentistry, remains slow due to poor system usability.
  • Difficulties in navigating clinical systems hinder providers from obtaining an integrated patient data view.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Document dentists' cognitive processes and information management strategies during patient examinations.
  • Inform the design of a novel electronic dental record interface based on observed user behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Cognitive Task Analysis (CTA) study involving ten general dentists with over two years of experience.
  • Utilized a think-aloud protocol while participants examined three simulated patient cases.

Main Results:

  • Dentists prioritize reviewing patient demographics, medical, and dental history before intraoral examination.
  • Identified specific navigation patterns and information needs during simulated patient encounters.
  • Observed information retrieval and review processes for diagnosis and treatment planning.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive engineering methods are crucial for designing effective clinical systems.
  • CTA effectively captured dentists' knowledge states and decision-making in simulated patient scenarios.
  • Findings will guide the development of flexible, task-appropriate information presentation in electronic dental records.