Symbiosis
Altruism
Viral Recombination
Predator-Prey Interactions
Convergent Evolution
Inclusive Fitness
You might also read
Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.
Updated: May 3, 2026

Tissue Collection of Bats for -Omics Analyses and Primary Cell Culture
Published on: October 23, 2019
Gerald Carter1, Gerald Wilkinson1
1University of Maryland; College Park, MD USA.
Reciprocal altruism in vampire bats is complex. While food sharing suggests cooperation, proving direct reciprocity requires observing responses to non-reciprocation in these fascinating mammals.
Area of Science:
Background:
Purpose of the Study:
Main Methods:
Main Results:
Conclusions: