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Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions01:20

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Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
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Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
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The cadherins were one of the first cell adhesion molecules discovered; the term “cadherins”   is based on their calcium-dependent adhering properties. The first cadherins discovered on the epithelial, neuronal, and placental cells were named E-cadherin, P-cadherin, and N-cadherin, respectively. These classical cadherins share sequence and structural similarities. Other cadherins, including those involved in cell signaling, are grouped into non-classical cadherins. This...
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A cell's plasma membrane demarcates the cell's borders and determines the nature of its interaction with the environment. Cells exclude certain substances, take in others, and excrete some others in controlled quantities. The plasma membrane must be flexible to allow certain cells, such as red and white blood cells, to change their shape while passing through narrow capillaries. These are the more obvious plasma membrane functions. In addition, the plasma membrane's surface carries...
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Malaria adhesins: structure and function.

Brian M Malpede1, Niraj H Tolia

  • 1Department of Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8230, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.

Cellular Microbiology
|February 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Malaria parasite adhesins are key vaccine targets. Structural biology helps identify conserved regions to improve vaccine efficacy against Plasmodium infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Structural Biology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Malaria parasite Plasmodium uses adhesins for host and vector interactions, crucial for development and immune evasion.
  • Adhesins are promising malaria vaccine candidates, but current approaches risk targeting non-functional epitopes.
  • Identifying conserved, functional adhesin regions is vital for effective vaccine development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on Plasmodium adhesin structure and function.
  • To highlight how structural biology defines critical parasite-host/vector interactions.
  • To inform the development of improved adhesin-based malaria vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Plasmodium adhesin research.
  • Analysis of structural biology studies on adhesin interfaces.
  • Examination of parasite-host/vector interaction mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Structural biology has defined functional receptor binding and oligomerization interfaces for key adhesins.
  • Understanding adhesin structure reveals insights into parasite biology.
  • Defined interactions at the host/vector and parasite interface.

Conclusions:

  • Conserved functional regions of Plasmodium adhesins are essential for effective vaccine design.
  • Structural biology is critical for identifying these regions and improving vaccine strategies.
  • Targeting conserved adhesin epitopes can overcome limitations of current vaccine candidates.