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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

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Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification01:23

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Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
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Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems01:11

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Delayed-release drug delivery systems are specialized pharmaceutical formulations designed to postpone the release of active compounds until the drug reaches a specific region of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically the intestine. These systems are essential for drugs that may cause gastric irritation, are unstable in acidic environments, or need to exert therapeutic effects locally in the intestinal or colonic regions.The core feature of delayed-release systems is the use of enteric...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

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Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
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Alternating Magnetic Field-Responsive Hybrid Gelatin Microgels for Controlled Drug Release
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Chitin-based fast responsive pH sensitive microspheres for controlled drug release.

Yu Shang1, Fuyuan Ding1, Ling Xiao1

  • 1School of Resource and Environmental Science and Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.

Carbohydrate Polymers
|February 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

pH-sensitive chitin microspheres offer controlled drug delivery. These acrylamide-modified microspheres release vancomycin rapidly at neutral pH but slowly in acidic conditions, demonstrating potential for targeted therapies.

Keywords:
Chitin microsphereDrug deliveryElectrostatic droplet methodIonically crosslinkedpH sensitive

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Chitin, a natural polysaccharide, is a promising material for biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability.
  • Developing stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems is crucial for enhancing therapeutic efficacy and reducing side effects.
  • Controlling drug release kinetics based on physiological pH variations is a key challenge in drug delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize ionically crosslinked chitin microspheres for pH-controlled drug delivery.
  • To investigate the influence of external pH on the release profile of vancomycin from the prepared microspheres.
  • To evaluate the potential of these novel microspheres as a drug delivery vehicle.

Main Methods:

  • Chitin was modified with acrylamide moieties using a solution-based approach.
  • Acrylamide-modified chitin microspheres were fabricated via an electrostatic droplet method.
  • Microspheres were ionically crosslinked with ferric ions (Fe3+) and complexed with chitosan.
  • Structural characterization was performed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).
  • In vitro drug release studies were conducted using vancomycin at different pH values (1.2, 4.0, and 7.4).

Main Results:

  • Spherical microspheres with diameters ranging from 400-500 μm were successfully prepared.
  • Characterization confirmed the successful modification, crosslinking, and complexation of the chitin microspheres.
  • The microspheres exhibited significant pH-dependent drug release behavior.
  • Complete vancomycin release occurred within 30 hours at acidic pH (1.2 and 4.0), whereas rapid release was observed within 10 minutes at neutral pH (7.4).

Conclusions:

  • Ionically crosslinked chitin microspheres demonstrate excellent pH sensitivity and responsiveness.
  • The developed microspheres provide a tunable platform for controlled release of drugs like vancomycin.
  • These findings highlight the potential of acrylamide-modified chitin microspheres for advanced drug delivery applications.