Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

20
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
20
Nervous Tissue: Myelin01:25

Nervous Tissue: Myelin

12.1K
The myelin sheath is a multilayered lipid and protein covering that insulates the axon of a neuron, enhancing the speed of nerve impulse conduction. Axons without this sheath are referred to as unmyelinated. Two types of neuroglia, Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for producing myelin sheaths.
Schwann cells begin to form myelin sheaths around axons during fetal development. They wrap around a small...
12.1K
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

52
Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
52
Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

2.1K
In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
2.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Challenges and future directions for multiple sclerosis after the 2024 McDonald diagnostic criteria.

Nature medicine·2026
Same author

Magnetoencephalography biomarkers for assessing myelin content and neuronal function in acute optic neuritis.

Brain communications·2026
Same author

Bispecific antibody therapy in multiple myeloma and risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

Blood advances·2026
Same author

French NOMADMUS Cohort Overview: Landscape Evolution of AQP4+NMOSD and MOGAD From 2010 to 2024.

Neurology·2026
Same author

Rethinking prognosis in multiple sclerosis: a multiaxial perspective.

Nature reviews. Neurology·2026
Same author

Differences in Use of Disease-Modifying Therapies Between Patients With Late-Onset and Adult-Onset Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.

Neurology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Experimental Demyelination and Remyelination of Murine Spinal Cord by Focal Injection of Lysolecithin
08:57

Experimental Demyelination and Remyelination of Murine Spinal Cord by Focal Injection of Lysolecithin

Published on: March 26, 2015

29.7K

Demyelination in multiple sclerosis.

Catherine Lubetzki1, Bruno Stankoff1

  • 1Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Salpêtrière Hospital, UMR S975, Paris, France.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|February 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiple sclerosis involves central nervous system demyelination through immune responses. Early myelin repair is crucial for preventing irreversible axonal damage and neuroprotection.

Keywords:
adaptive immunityantibodiesantigensautoimmunitycytokinesinflammationinjuryinnate immunitymechanismsmyelin proteinsneuronal damageoligodendrocytes

More Related Videos

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

12.4K
A Stably Established Two-Point Injection of Lysophosphatidylcholine-Induced Focal Demyelination Model in Mice
04:55

A Stably Established Two-Point Injection of Lysophosphatidylcholine-Induced Focal Demyelination Model in Mice

Published on: May 11, 2022

4.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

Experimental Demyelination and Remyelination of Murine Spinal Cord by Focal Injection of Lysolecithin
08:57

Experimental Demyelination and Remyelination of Murine Spinal Cord by Focal Injection of Lysolecithin

Published on: March 26, 2015

29.7K
Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

12.4K
A Stably Established Two-Point Injection of Lysophosphatidylcholine-Induced Focal Demyelination Model in Mice
04:55

A Stably Established Two-Point Injection of Lysophosphatidylcholine-Induced Focal Demyelination Model in Mice

Published on: May 11, 2022

4.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS).
  • The precise mechanisms initiating demyelination in MS, including primary myelin injury versus immune response, are under investigation.
  • The roles of T cells and B lymphocytes in MS pathogenesis are increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of demyelination in multiple sclerosis.
  • To describe the axonal consequences of demyelination in the CNS.
  • To highlight the potential for neuroprotection through early myelin repair.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing research on demyelination in MS.
  • It examines immunological and cellular mechanisms contributing to myelin damage.
  • It analyzes the pathological outcomes of demyelination on axons.

Main Results:

  • Recent evidence suggests a primary immune response against myelin antigens drives demyelination in MS.
  • B lymphocytes and antibodies play significant roles in MS-related tissue damage.
  • Demyelination leads to adaptive changes in axonal ion channel distribution, potentially causing conduction block.
  • Persistent demyelination results in irreversible axonal damage and loss due to impaired trophic support.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the immune-driven mechanisms of demyelination is key in multiple sclerosis.
  • Early intervention and myelin repair are critical for neuroprotection and preventing permanent axonal loss.
  • Targeting myelin repair mechanisms may offer a therapeutic strategy for multiple sclerosis.