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Related Concept Videos

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers01:08

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers

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Antiepileptic drugs are specialized medications that prevent seizures in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. These drugs primarily function by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuronal membrane, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...
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Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class IV Agents as Calcium Channel Blockers01:20

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class IV Agents as Calcium Channel Blockers

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Class IV antiarrhythmic drugs, such as verapamil and diltiazem, block calcium channels. They primarily affect the heart, slowing the conduction in calcium-dependent tissues like the SA and AV nodes. These drugs manage reentrant supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and reduce ventricular rate in atrial flutter/fibrillation.
Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, inhibits calcium movement across myocardial cell membranes and vascular smooth muscle. This results in the dilation of coronary and...
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Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class III Agents as Potassium Channel Blockers01:12

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class III Agents as Potassium Channel Blockers

2.9K
Class III antiarrhythmic drugs are a group of medications that can prolong action potentials in the heart. They achieve this by blocking potassium channels or enhancing inward currents from sodium channels. However, these drugs have a unique property of "reverse use-dependence," which is most pronounced at slower heart rates and can lead to torsades de pointes—a specific type of arrhythmia. However, it is essential to note that excessive QT interval prolongation—a measure of...
2.9K
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers01:22

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers

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Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are used to treat various types of arrhythmias or irregular heart rhythms. These drugs block the sodium (Na+) channels in the cardiac cells, thereby affecting the movement of electrical impulses across the heart. Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are divided into three subgroups: Class IA, Class IB, and Class IC, each with distinct mechanisms of action and effects on the heart.
Class 1A Antiarrhythmic Drugs: These drugs work by moderately blocking sodium channels,...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

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Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
1.2K
Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers01:17

Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers

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Calcium channel blockers, a class of antiepileptic drugs, regulate the flow of calcium ions within neurons.
Calcium channel blockers exert their antiepileptic effects by targeting T-type calcium channels, which are integral to transmitting nerve signals in the central nervous system. These channels allow the passage of calcium ions, which are vital for neuronal communication. By inhibiting T-type calcium channels, calcium channel blockers effectively reduce the release of neurotransmitters and...
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Updated: May 3, 2026

Vibrodissociation of Neurons from Rodent Brain Slices to Study Synaptic Transmission and Image Presynaptic Terminals
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Risperidone inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels.

Jan M Brauner1, Sabine Hessler2, Teja W Groemer3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.

European Journal of Pharmacology
|February 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic, inhibits sodium channels, affecting neuronal activity. This study reveals its unique blocking profile, distinct from other drugs, with significant use-dependent effects.

Keywords:
Antipsychotic drugChemical compounds studied in this article:Risperidone (PubChem CID: 5073)Na(V)1.6RisperidoneSchizophreniaSodium channelUse dependence

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Area of Science:

  • Neuropharmacology
  • Molecular Neuroscience

Background:

  • The effects of atypical antipsychotics on voltage-gated sodium channels are not fully understood.
  • Risperidone is widely used clinically, necessitating an understanding of its channel interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the effects of risperidone on voltage-gated sodium channels.
  • To investigate the state-dependent and use-dependent blocking properties of risperidone.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings were performed on N1E-115 mouse neuroblastoma cells.
  • Endogenous and transfected NaV1.6 sodium channels were studied.
  • Pharmacological isolation and specific stimulation protocols were employed.

Main Results:

  • Risperidone inhibited both endogenous and NaV1.6 sodium currents.
  • An IC50 of 49 µM was determined for NaV1.6 channel inhibition.
  • Risperidone exhibited state-dependent block, with higher affinity for inactivated states, and pronounced use-dependent block at higher frequencies.

Conclusions:

  • Risperidone displays an unusual sodium channel blocking profile.
  • Its low state dependence coupled with prominent use-dependent block differentiates it from other antipsychotics and channel-targeting drugs.