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Hypothesis Test for Test of Independence

Hypothesis Test for Test of Independence

The test of independence is a chi-square-based test used to determine whether two variables or factors are independent or dependent. This hypothesis test is used to examine the independence of the variables. One can construct two qualitative survey questions or experiments based on the variables in a contingency table. The goal is to see if the two variables are unrelated (independent) or related (dependent). The null and alternative hypotheses for this test are:
H0: The two variables (factors)...

Introduction to Test of Independence

Introduction to Test of Independence

In statistics, the term independence means that one can directly obtain the probability of any event involving both variables by multiplying their individual probabilities. Tests of independence are chi-square tests involving the use of a contingency table of observed (data) values.
The test statistic for a test of independence is similar to that of a goodness-of-fit test:

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Related Experiment Video

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The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans

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An outcome evaluation of the 'Skipper' designated driver program.

A Watson¹, B Watson¹

¹Centre for Accident Research & Road Safety-Queensland (CARRS-Q), Queensland University of Technology (QUT). 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059 Australia.

Accident; Analysis and Prevention

|February 11, 2014

Summary

The Skipper designated driver program increased awareness and passenger participation. However, its impact on reducing drink driving and alcohol-related crashes requires further investigation.

Keywords:

Designated driver Drink driving Drunk driving Evaluation

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Transportation Safety
Behavioral Science

Background:

Designated driver programs aim to decrease drink driving by promoting alcohol-free driving partners.
Despite widespread implementation, few designated driver programs undergo rigorous evaluation.
The 'Skipper' program was trialled in a Queensland, Australia provincial city to assess its effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

To conduct an outcome evaluation of the 'Skipper' designated driver program.
To assess the program's impact on drink driving behaviors and related outcomes.

Main Methods:

Outcome evaluation using surveys at baseline, 4 months, and 16 months post-intervention in intervention and comparison areas.
Analysis of random breath testing and crash data before and after the trial.
Sample sizes: Baseline (n=405), 1st Follow-up (n=410), 2nd Follow-up (n=401).

Main Results:

High awareness of the 'Skipper' program was maintained in the intervention area at 4 and 16 months.
The program and associated publicity positively influenced behavior, increasing designated driver passenger participation.
Evidence for impact on drink driving rates or alcohol-related crashes was inconclusive.

Conclusions:

The 'Skipper' program effectively raised awareness and encouraged participation as a passenger.
Further research is needed to determine the program's effectiveness in reducing drink driving and crashes.
Suggestions for program improvement and limitations of the current study are discussed.