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An aortic aneurysm is a localized outpouching or dilation at a weak point in the artery wall. It may involve different parts of the aorta, such as the abdominal aorta, aortic arch, or thoracic aorta.Etiological factorsSeveral disorders are associated with aortic aneurysms.Congenital causes, such as primary connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome, impact the integrity and strength of connective tissues, notably affecting the aorta. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that specifically...
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Aquaporins or AQPs are a family of integral membrane proteins whose primary function is to transport water, while some called aquaglyceroporins also transport glycerol. In addition, aquaporins have also been suspected to be involved in transporting volatile substances, such as carbon dioxide and ammonia, across membranes. Such AQPs that act as gas channels are often highly expressed in cells involved in the gaseous exchange, such as red blood cells, epithelial cells, and pulmonary capillaries.
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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
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The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
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The cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells can exchange small molecules, ions, and secondary messengers via the communication channels which form the gap junctions. These junctions comprise a few hundred to thousands of molecular channels, each made of two halves, called the connexon hemichannel. A connexon is a hexamer of six transmembrane connexin proteins, which assemble radially, thus forming a pore or channel in the center. One connexon hemichannel docks with a corresponding connexon on the...
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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
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Experimental Approaches for Biochemical Analysis of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Its Disease-associated Variants
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Annexin A11 in disease.

Jiasheng Wang1, Chunmei Guo1, Shuqing Liu2

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.

Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
|February 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Annexin A11 (Anxa11) is crucial for cell functions and implicated in diseases like cancer and autoimmune disorders. Further research highlights its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker.

Keywords:
Anxa11CancerDiseaseFunction

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Annexin A11 (Anxa11) is a calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein.
  • Anxa11 is widely expressed and involved in critical cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of Anxa11.
  • To explore Anxa11's involvement in various diseases and its potential as a biomarker.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on Anxa11.
  • Analysis of Anxa11's interactions with other proteins and pathways.

Main Results:

  • Anxa11 regulates cell division, calcium signaling, vesicle transport, and apoptosis.
  • Anxa11 dysfunction is linked to autoimmune diseases, cancer development, chemoresistance, and metastasis.
  • Anxa11 interacts with ALG-2 and S100A6, influencing cancer progression via PDGFR and MAPK/p53 pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Anxa11 plays significant roles in diverse physiological and pathological processes.
  • Anxa11 is a potential biomarker for disease diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.