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Construction of Defined Human Engineered Cardiac Tissues to Study Mechanisms of Cardiac Cell Therapy
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Strategies affording prevascularized cell-based constructs for myocardial tissue engineering.

Claudio Muscari1, Emanuele Giordano2, Francesca Bonafè3

  • 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy ; BioEngLab, Health Science and Technology, Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-CIRI), University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy.

Stem Cells International
|February 11, 2014
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Summary

Creating functional cardiac tissue for heart repair is difficult due to poor blood supply. Prevascularization strategies using co-cultured cells and advanced scaffolds show promise for myocardial tissue engineering.

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Functional cardiac tissue transplantation for infarcted myocardium is a significant challenge in regenerative medicine.
  • Current cell-based grafts often fail due to inadequate perfusion, highlighting the need for improved vascularization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore prevascularization strategies for myocardial tissue engineering to enhance graft viability.
  • To review and discuss various approaches for achieving functional vascular networks within engineered cardiac constructs.

Main Methods:

  • Co-culturing cells with differentiation potential towards vascular and cardiac muscle phenotypes on 2D or 3D scaffolds.
  • Employing sophisticated strategies like mixed-cell sheets, microvascular modules, and vascular explant inosculation.
  • Utilizing spatial control technologies (topographical roughening, patterning) and microfluidic devices/bioreactors for enhanced vascularization and cell differentiation.

Main Results:

  • Various methods, from basic co-culture to advanced techniques, have been investigated to promote scaffold vascularization.
  • Spatial control technologies and bioreactors show potential for accelerating endothelialization and muscle differentiation.
  • The integration of engineered constructs with the host cardiac wall remains a critical factor for success.

Conclusions:

  • Prevascularization is a crucial approach for viable myocardial tissue engineering.
  • Optimizing cells, biomaterials, and biochemical factors is essential for successful vascular integration and functional recovery of the infarcted heart.
  • Future research must focus on improving construct vascular integration to meet the metabolic demands of cardiac tissue.