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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

6.3K
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

In Vivo EPR Assessment of pH, pO2, Redox Status, and Concentrations of Phosphate and Glutathione in the Tumor Microenvironment
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In Vivo EPR Assessment of pH, pO2, Redox Status, and Concentrations of Phosphate and Glutathione in the Tumor Microenvironment

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Janus-faced tumor microenvironment and redox.

Valery V Khramtsov1, Robert J Gillies

  • 11 Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio.

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
|February 12, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The tumor microenvironment (TME) has unique oxygen, pH, and redox conditions that promote cancer survival while harming normal cells. Targeting these TME redox parameters offers a novel anticancer therapy approach.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises various cellular and physiological components influencing cancer progression.
  • Tissue hypoxia and acidosis within the TME, driven by altered metabolism like increased glycolysis, are critical factors.
  • Hypoxia and acidosis impact tissue redox status and glutathione (GSH) levels, selecting for aggressive cancer phenotypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the dual role of the tumor microenvironment's physiological parameters in cancer aggression and treatment resistance.
  • To investigate how specific TME conditions, including oxygenation, pH, redox state, and GSH homeostasis, contribute to cancer cell survival and normal cell toxicity.
  • To summarize experimental evidence supporting the Janus-faced nature of the redox axis in cancer.

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In Vivo EPR Assessment of pH, pO2, Redox Status, and Concentrations of Phosphate and Glutathione in the Tumor Microenvironment
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A Mimic of the Tumor Microenvironment: A Simple Method for Generating Enriched Cell Populations and Investigating Intercellular Communication
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Main Methods:

  • This is a review article.
  • It synthesizes existing experimental observations and hypotheses regarding the TME's role in cancer.
  • Focuses on the interplay of oxygen, pH, redox, and glutathione (GSH) within the TME.

Main Results:

  • Specific patterns in TME oxygenation, extracellular pH, redox status, and GSH homeostasis are hypothesized to promote cancer cell survival.
  • These TME conditions are also proposed to be toxic and mutagenic to normal cells, facilitating tumor invasion.
  • The redox axis exhibits a Janus-faced character, supporting cancer growth at the expense of normal tissues.

Conclusions:

  • The TME's complex physiological parameters, particularly redox status, play a significant role in cancer aggression and resistance.
  • Normalizing TME redox parameters could reduce the selection pressure for malignant phenotypes.
  • Targeting the TME, specifically its redox balance, presents a promising strategy for anticancer therapy.