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Related Concept Videos

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

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Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
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The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Preparation of Single-cell Suspensions for Cytofluorimetric Analysis from Different Mouse Skin Regions
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Establishing and maintaining the Langerhans cell network.

Michaël Chopin1, Stephen L Nutt1

  • 1The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|February 12, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Langerhans cells (LCs) in the skin have dual origins, with distinct roles in immune responses. Understanding their development is key to balancing immunity and tolerance in the epidermis.

Keywords:
Dendritic cellID2Langerhans cellPU.1RUNX3Transcription factor

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Langerhans cells (LCs) are key epidermal antigen-presenting cells.
  • Traditionally viewed as immune activators, recent evidence suggests LCs also promote tolerance.
  • LCs arise from embryonic progenitors in steady-state and bone marrow progenitors during inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the factors controlling LC network formation in the epidermis.
  • To explore the transcriptional regulation of LC differentiation.
  • To discuss the functional implications of dual LC origins.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of immunological and developmental studies on LCs.
  • Analysis of transcriptional mechanisms governing LC differentiation.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on LC origins and function.

Main Results:

  • LCs originate from two distinct progenitor pathways: embryonic and bone marrow-derived.
  • Steady-state LCs differ functionally from inflammatory LCs.
  • Transcriptional networks are crucial for LC development and function.

Conclusions:

  • The dual origin of LCs presents a complex regulatory network in skin immunity.
  • Understanding LC subsets is critical for modulating immune responses and maintaining epidermal homeostasis.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate functional differences and therapeutic potential.