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Reducing stigma in reproductive health.

Rebecca J Cook1, Bernard M Dickens1

  • 1Faculty of Law, Faculty of Medicine, Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics
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Summary

Stigma negatively impacts social identity, affecting individuals seeking sexual and reproductive health services. Gynecologists must actively combat patient stigmatization and protect provider dignity.

Keywords:
Abortion stigmaDiscrimination and stigmaHIV stigmaInfertility stigmaProfessionalism and stigmaService providers and stigmaStigma

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Area of Science:

  • Social Sciences
  • Medical Ethics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Stigma is a social process that disgraces individuals, tarnishing their identity.
  • It affects attitudes toward recipients and providers of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services.
  • Historically, unmarried motherhood and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV, carry significant stigma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the pervasive nature of stigma in SRH.
  • To emphasize the ethical obligation of gynecologists to address patient stigmatization.
  • To advocate for proactive measures against stigma in SRH contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on stigma and SRH.
  • Analysis of societal attitudes towards SRH services and conditions.
  • Ethical considerations for healthcare professionals.

Main Results:

  • Stigma is associated with contraceptive use, sterilization, abortion, and infertility treatments.
  • Unmarried motherhood and STIs, particularly HIV, are heavily stigmatized.
  • SRH service providers also face stigmatization.

Conclusions:

  • Gynecologists and professional associations must actively combat stigma.
  • Upholding human dignity and equality is paramount in SRH care.
  • Interventions are needed to relieve stigmatization for patients and providers.