Selected ultrastructural aspects of urothelial and prostatic tumors

Ultrastructural techniques have been widely applied in the study of urothelial and prostatic tumors. In the common proliferative diseases affecting the lower urogenital tract, electron microscopy has provided us with a greater understanding of the pathobiology and morphology of these disease processes. Specific diagnostic application, however, has been limited. In the unusual tumors affecting urothelium and prostate such as neuroendocrine carcinoma, carcinosarcoma, and sarcomas, electron microscopy has provided some practical diagnostic information of value in patient management. This paper provides a survey of the fundamental and practical contributions of ultrastructural studies in the prostatic and urothelial areas.