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Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

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Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Iris Fixation via External Pentagram Suturing

Iris Fixation via External Pentagram Suturing

Published on: May 5, 2022

Prosthetic iris devices.

Sathish Srinivasan¹, Darren S J Ting², Michael E Snyder³

¹Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Ayr, Ayr, Scotland, United Kingdom; Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.

Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology. Journal Canadien D'Ophtalmologie

|February 12, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Iris defects, both congenital and acquired, can impair vision. Surgical reconstruction using prosthetic iris implants offers a solution for visual rehabilitation, with recent advancements improving outcomes.

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Techniques for Processing Eyes Implanted With a Retinal Prosthesis for Localized Histopathological Analysis

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Published on: August 2, 2013

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Biomaterials Science

Background:

Congenital and acquired iris defects, including aniridia and coloboma, can lead to significant visual impairment.
These defects result in functional deficits such as glare, reduced contrast sensitivity, and decreased visual acuity.
Current management options include surgical repair and prosthetic iris implants.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the classification of various iris defects.
To discuss the types of available prosthetic iris devices and their implantation techniques.
To outline potential complications associated with prosthetic iris implants.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on iris defects and prosthetic iris implants.
Analysis of advancements in prosthetic material, surgical techniques, and instrumentation.
Classification of iris defects based on etiology and presentation.

Main Results:

Prosthetic iris implants have evolved significantly since their inception in 1994.
Advances in materials and design have enhanced the efficacy and safety of these devices.
Surgical techniques and instrumentation have also seen considerable development.

Conclusions:

Prosthetic iris implants provide a viable option for restoring visual function in patients with iris defects.
The choice of reconstruction method depends on the extent of iris tissue loss and underlying ocular health.
Continued innovation in materials and surgical approaches promises further improvements in patient outcomes.