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Related Concept Videos

Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

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In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
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X-ray Crystallography02:18

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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Linear birefringence-free optical voltage sensor based on dual-crystal structure.

Lijing Li, Wenhui Zhang, Hui Li

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    |February 12, 2014
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    This study introduces an optical voltage sensor (OVS) using a dual-crystal design to eliminate birefringence errors. The novel OVS demonstrates high accuracy for AC voltage measurements under varying temperatures.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Sensing Technologies
    • Optical Measurement Systems

    Background:

    • Linear birefringence in optical voltage sensors (OVS) arises from thermal gradients and surface pressure, affecting measurement accuracy.
    • Existing OVS designs often struggle to compensate for these environmental influences, limiting their practical application.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and validate a novel optical voltage sensor (OVS) architecture that effectively eliminates linear birefringence.
    • To investigate the impact of a half-wave plate within the dual-crystal structure on sensor performance.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical analysis and experimental verification of a dual-crystal structure designed to counteract linear birefringence.
    • Investigation of the influence of a half-wave plate on the OVS performance.

    Main Results:

    • The dual-crystal OVS successfully eliminates birefringence-induced errors.
    • High accuracy was achieved: ±0.1% at indoor temperatures and ±0.3% from 0°C to 60°C for AC voltages >500 V.
    • Scale factor errors were ±0.078% (indoor) and ±1.63% (0°C-60°C).

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed dual-crystal structure is an effective method for creating linear birefringence-free optical voltage sensors.
    • The OVS demonstrates robust performance and high accuracy across a range of temperatures, making it suitable for demanding applications.