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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit01:20

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

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In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
The circuit illustrated in Figure 1 below incorporates two op-amps, with the first operating as a voltage follower and the second acting as an inverting amplifier.
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MOSFET: Enhancement Mode01:22

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Enhancement-mode MOSFETs are pivotal components in electronics, distinguished by their capacity to act as highly efficient switches. They are part of the larger family of metal-oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). They are available in two types: p-channel and n-channel, each tailored to specific polarity operations.
In their basic form, enhancement-mode MOSFETs are typically non-conductive when the gate-source voltage (Vgs) is zero. This default 'off' state means no...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Development of Whispering Gallery Mode Polymeric Micro-optical Electric Field Sensors
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Two-mode mode multiplexer/demultiplexer in polymer planar waveguide.

Wai Ying Chan, Hau Ping Chan

    Applied Optics
    |February 12, 2014
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed a novel two-mode multiplexer/demultiplexer using an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer. This polymer device demonstrates high performance, paving the way for enhanced fiber transmission capacity in multimode systems.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Engineering
    • Integrated Optics
    • Waveguide Devices

    Background:

    • The increasing demand for data transmission necessitates advanced optical communication systems.
    • Multiplexing and demultiplexing are crucial for increasing fiber optic capacity.
    • Existing devices face limitations in performance and fabrication.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a novel two-mode multiplexer/demultiplexer (mux/demux).
    • To achieve high extinction ratios and low excess loss in the proposed device.
    • To explore applications in future multimode optical transmission systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Design of an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer with Y junctions.
    • Simulation of device performance, including extinction ratio and excess loss.
    • Fabrication of the device using polymer materials.
    • Experimental characterization using a tunable laser source (1545-1555 nm).

    Main Results:

    • Simulated extinction ratio exceeding 30 dB for both multiplexing and demultiplexing.
    • Simulated excess loss of only 0.17 dB.
    • Experimental results closely matched theoretical predictions.
    • Successful characterization over the 1545-1555 nm wavelength range.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed two-mode mux/demux device offers excellent performance.
    • The device is easy to fabricate using polymer materials.
    • This technology holds significant potential for extending fiber transmission capacity in multimode systems.