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    This study introduces a novel plasmonic directional coupler for efficient light nanofocusing. It achieves significant electric field enhancement in gap plasmon waveguides without traditional tapering structures.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Plasmonics
    • Nanophotonics

    Background:

    • Conventional nanofocusing often relies on tapering structures, which can be complex to fabricate.
    • Efficiently concentrating light into nanoscale dimensions is crucial for various optical applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate an efficient method for nanofocusing light into a gap plasmon waveguide.
    • To utilize a three-dimensional mode conversion approach in a strip plasmonic directional coupler.

    Main Methods:

    • Designing a plasmonic directional coupler capable of mode conversion.
    • Controlling phase mismatch and gap spacing to guide light energy.
    • Simulating the optical performance of the proposed device.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved efficient conversion of E(z)-type odd mode energy into E(y)-type gap plasmon mode.
    • Demonstrated a maximum electric field intensity enhancement of up to 58.1 times the input intensity.
    • Successfully focused 17.3% of the incident light into the nano gap region.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed plasmonic directional coupler offers an effective alternative to tapering for nanofocusing.
    • This method enables significant light concentration in gap plasmon waveguides.
    • The findings have implications for advanced nanophotonic devices and applications.