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Efficient second harmonic generation using nonlinear substrates patterned by nano-antenna arrays.

Doron Bar-Lev, Jacob Scheuer

    Optics Express
    |February 12, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
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    We developed design rules for efficient second harmonic generation using nano-antenna arrays. Recessed bowtie nano-antennas in lithium niobate substrates significantly enhance harmonic generation by optimizing field profiles and polarization.

    Area of Science:

    • Nonlinear Optics
    • Plasmonics
    • Nanophotonics

    Background:

    • Efficient generation of second harmonic light is crucial for various photonic applications.
    • Nano-antennas offer unique capabilities for manipulating light-matter interactions at the nanoscale.
    • Lithium niobate (LiNbO₃) is a promising nonlinear material for frequency conversion.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To theoretically investigate design considerations for efficient second harmonic generation (SHG) using nonlinear nano-antenna arrays.
    • To compare recessed versus surface nano-antenna structures for SHG enhancement.
    • To analyze the impact of fundamental beam shape and substrate dielectric properties on SHG.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical analysis of gap bowtie nano-antenna arrays recessed in LiNbO₃.

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  • Development of a nano-antenna model analogous to the Boyd-Kleinman model.
  • Investigation of field enhancement, field profiles, and polarization effects.
  • Analysis of the influence of Gaussian-shaped fundamental beams and substrate dielectric properties.

    • Main Results:

    • Recessed bowtie nano-antennas in LiNbO₃ show superior performance over surface structures due to enhanced fields and optimized profiles.
    • The developed nano-antenna model accurately predicts the impact of fundamental beam characteristics on SHG.
    • Substrate dielectric properties dictate optimal directions for fundamental and second harmonic wave propagation.
    • Design rules are established to enhance second and higher harmonic generation by several orders of magnitude.

    Conclusions:

    • Recessed nano-antenna designs in nonlinear substrates like LiNbO₃ are highly effective for efficient SHG.
    • Optimizing antenna geometry, recessing depth, and substrate properties are key for maximizing harmonic generation.
    • The derived design rules provide a pathway for significant enhancement of nonlinear optical processes in nanophotonic devices.