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Related Concept Videos

Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation01:28

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Nuclear relaxation restores the equilibrium population imbalance and can occur via spin–lattice or spin–spin mechanisms, which are first-order exponential decay processes.
In spin–lattice or longitudinal relaxation, the excited spins exchange energy with the surrounding lattice as they return to the lower energy level. Among several mechanisms that contribute to spin–lattice relaxation, magnetic dipolar interactions are significant. Here, the excited nucleus transfers...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
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Loss in long-storage-time optical cavities.

T Isogai, J Miller, P Kwee

    Optics Express
    |February 12, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Measuring optical loss in Fabry-Perot cavities is crucial for precision experiments. This study directly measured loss in situ, finding it depends more on beam spot position than size, with values around 5 ppm per mirror.

    Area of Science:

    • Optical Physics
    • Metrology
    • Experimental Physics

    Background:

    • Fabry-Perot cavities are essential for precision measurements.
    • Optical loss in these cavities significantly impacts experimental performance.
    • Characterizing mirror loss independently is challenging.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To directly measure optical loss in situ within a long-storage-time Fabry-Perot cavity.
    • To investigate the dependence of optical loss on beam spot size and position.
    • To provide data relevant for gravitational-wave interferometers.

    Main Methods:

    • Application of three in situ optical loss measurement techniques.
    • Utilizing a high-finesse, near-concentric, 2 m Fabry-Perot cavity.
    • Modifying cavity length to vary beam spot size (1-3 mm) and observing loss.

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    Main Results:

    • Optical loss was found to be approximately 5 parts per million (ppm) per mirror.
    • Optical loss showed a stronger dependence on the position of the beam spot on the optics than on its size.
    • Loss remained relatively constant across the tested beam spot size range.

    Conclusions:

    • Direct in situ measurement of optical loss is feasible and valuable.
    • Beam spot positioning is a critical factor for minimizing optical loss in Fabry-Perot cavities.
    • Findings have direct implications for improving squeezed light applications in gravitational-wave detectors.