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Pulse

Pulse

When the heart pumps blood out, arterial elastic fibers play a crucial role in sustaining a high-pressure gradient. They expand to accommodate the received blood and then recoil - a process known as the pulse that can be either manually palpated or electronically quantified. Despite a reduction in its effect with increased distance from the heart, elements of the pulse's systolic and diastolic components persist, observable even at the arteriole level.
The pulse serves as a clinical...

Pulse

Pulse

The pulse is one of the most fundamental physiological indicators of the body's cardiovascular health. It is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of the arterial walls in response to the pressure generated by the heart's pumping action.
Pulse Rate and its Significance
Pulse rate, often measured in beats per minute (bpm), reflects the heart rate (HR), which is influenced by numerous factors such as stress, physical activity, and hormonal changes. A normal resting adult pulse rate falls...

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.

Pulse Oximetry

Pulse Oximetry

Pulse oximetry, or SpO2, is a non-invasive method for continuously monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). This procedure involves attaching a probe or sensor to the patient's fingertip, forehead, earlobe, or nose bridge. The sensor works by detecting changes in oxygen saturation levels through light signals generated by the oximeter and reflected by the pulsing blood under the probe.
Purpose
Average SpO2 values are greater than 95%. If the readings fall below 90%, it indicates that...

Regulation of Pulse

Regulation of Pulse

Pulse regulation involves physiological mechanisms that ensure adequate blood flow throughout the body. The heartbeat, regulated by the autonomic nervous system, is influenced by hormonal balance, physical activity, and emotional state.

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Triplet Fusion Upconversion Nanocapsule Synthesis

Triplet Fusion Upconversion Nanocapsule Synthesis

Published on: September 7, 2022

A comparative study on chirped-pulse upconversion and direct multichannel MCT detection.

Johannes Knorr, Philipp Rudolf, Patrick Nuernberger

|February 12, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study compares two ultrafast spectroscopy methods for mid-infrared detection: mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) arrays and chirped-pulse up-conversion (CPU). CPU offers simultaneous detection of widely separated mid-infrared signals, proving advantageous for femtosecond pump-probe experiments.

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Area of Science:

Spectroscopy
Ultrafast Dynamics
Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy

Background:

Ultrafast absorption changes in the mid-infrared (MIR) spectral range are crucial for studying molecular dynamics.
Mercury Cadmium Telluride (MCT) photodiode arrays and Chirped-Pulse Up-conversion (CPU) are established techniques for MIR detection.

Purpose of the Study:

To comparatively evaluate the applicability of MCT arrays and CPU for ultrafast spectroscopy.
To investigate the performance of CPU under varying phase-matching conditions for MIR detection.

Main Methods:

Femtosecond pump-probe experiments utilizing 1 kHz shot-to-shot data acquisition.
Direct multichannel detection using HgCdTe (MCT) photodiode arrays.
Chirped-Pulse Up-conversion (CPU) spectroscopy with analysis of different phase-matching conditions.

Main Results:

Direct comparison of MCT array and CPU techniques in femtosecond pump-probe setups.
Demonstration of CPU's capability to simultaneously detect MIR signals separated by over 200 cm(-1).
Evaluation of phase-matching effects on signal detection in CPU.

Conclusions:

Both MCT arrays and CPU are viable for MIR ultrafast spectroscopy.
CPU provides enhanced capabilities for simultaneous detection of spectrally resolved MIR signals.
Optimized phase-matching in CPU is key for efficient detection of broad MIR spectral ranges.