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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies
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Low divergence single-mode surface-emitting concentric-circular-grating terahertz quantum cascade lasers.

Guozhen Liang, Houkun Liang, Ying Zhang

    Optics Express
    |February 12, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

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    We developed novel surface-emitting terahertz quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) with circular gratings. These lasers show enhanced power output and narrow beam divergence, enabling new terahertz applications.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Semiconductor Devices
    • Terahertz Technology

    Background:

    • Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are crucial for generating coherent terahertz (THz) radiation.
    • Surface-emitting designs offer advantages for beam steering and integration.
    • Achieving single-mode operation and high power in THz QCLs remains a challenge.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and fabricate surface-emitting THz QCLs utilizing distributed feedback concentric-circular-gratings.
    • To characterize the optical performance, including emission frequency, power, and beam pattern.
    • To investigate the factors influencing the far-field emission profile.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of QCLs with concentric-circular-gratings using semiconductor processing techniques.

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  • Experimental characterization of laser performance, including L-I-V measurements and spectral analysis.
  • Far-field emission pattern measurements to analyze beam divergence and profile.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved single-mode operation at 3.73 THz with a high side-mode suppression ratio (~30 dB).
    • Demonstrated a ~5-fold increase in output power compared to similar ridge lasers.
    • Observed a double-lobed far-field emission pattern with narrow divergence (~13.5° × 7°).

    Conclusions:

    • The developed THz QCLs exhibit superior power output and single-mode performance.
    • Anisotropic etching-induced boundary deformation, not the grating design, causes the double-lobed emission.
    • These findings pave the way for advanced THz sources with tailored beam characteristics.