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Related Concept Videos

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor01:31

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

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The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
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Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

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A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
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Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

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Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
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Induced Electric Dipoles01:28

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A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
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Group Polarization01:01

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Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
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Susceptibility, Permittivity and Dielectric Constant01:26

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When placed in an external electric field, a dielectric material gets polarized. The charge density in the dielectric material is given by the sum of the bound and free charge densities, while the total charge density can also be written in terms of the total electric field. The bound charge density can be measured in terms of polarization, leading to the relationship between electric displacement and polarization.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone
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Polarization manipulation based on electromagnetically induced transparency-like (EIT-like) effect.

Lei Zhu, Fan-Yi Meng, Liang Dong

    Optics Express
    |February 12, 2014
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed an ultrathin metasurface polarization controller using cut wires that achieves high transparency and efficient electromagnetic wave manipulation via electromagnetically induced transparency-like effects.

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    Area of Science:

    • Metamaterials and Nanophotonics
    • Electromagnetics and Wave Propagation

    Background:

    • Traditional polarization control devices are often bulky and inefficient.
    • Metasurfaces offer a promising route to miniaturized and high-performance optical components.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose, design, and fabricate a novel metasurface-based polarization controller.
    • To achieve high transparency and efficient polarization manipulation at microwave frequencies.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a metasurface composed of orthogonal pairs of cut wires.
    • Utilizing electromagnetically induced transparency-like (EIT-like) effects for polarization control.
    • Numerical simulations and microwave experiments for validation.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed device exhibits high transmission and strong dispersion.
    • Efficient manipulation of electromagnetic wave polarization for both incident polarizations.
    • The metasurface is ultrathin, measuring approximately 0.017 wavelengths.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed metasurface polarization controller demonstrates effective performance.
    • The EIT-like effect enables efficient polarization control in a compact device.
    • Experimental results validate the proposed design and its capabilities.