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Related Concept Videos

Stroke: Introduction and Types01:29

Stroke: Introduction and Types

55
A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...
55
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

30
A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
30
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

44
Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
44
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

20
A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
20
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

54
An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
54
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

18
A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
18

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Surgical Approach for Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion and Reperfusion Induced Stroke in Mice
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Stroke in South Asian countries.

Mohammad Wasay1, Ismail A Khatri2, Subhash Kaul3

  • 1Department of Medicine/Neurology, The Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Pakistan.

Nature Reviews. Neurology
|February 12, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stroke is a growing concern in South Asia due to lifestyle changes and limited care. Addressing stroke epidemiology and management is crucial for global health impact.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • South Asia faces unique healthcare challenges due to rapid socioeconomic changes, urbanization, and aging populations.
  • Chronic diseases like stroke are increasing, demanding focused attention in the region.
  • This review examines stroke in India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh, highlighting regional disparities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of stroke epidemiology and management in South Asia.
  • To identify challenges and gaps in stroke care and research within the region.
  • To emphasize the need for targeted interventions to reduce the global stroke burden.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review of stroke epidemiology and management in four South Asian countries.
  • Analysis of available data on traditional and non-traditional stroke risk factors.
  • Assessment of healthcare access, treatment availability, and public awareness regarding stroke.

Main Results:

  • Limited and heterogeneous literature, often hospital-based, hinders direct comparisons.
  • High prevalence of traditional stroke risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking) is noted.
  • Understudied non-traditional risk factors and scarce access to advanced stroke care, including tissue plasminogen activator, are significant concerns.

Conclusions:

  • Public and caregiver awareness of stroke is suboptimal, as is governmental interest.
  • Urgent interventions are needed to mitigate the growing stroke burden and mortality in South Asia.
  • Addressing stroke in South Asia has significant implications for global health outcomes.