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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Computational Electromagnetics
    • Numerical Methods for Wave Propagation

    Background:

    • Adaptive coordinates and spatial resolution improve Fourier Modal Method (FMM) convergence, particularly for metallo-dielectric systems.
    • Previous applications were limited to two-dimensional adaptive coordinate transformations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To systematically construct three-dimensional adaptive coordinate and adaptive spatial resolution transformations for FMM.
    • To enable enhanced convergence for complex 3D photonic structures using FMM.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of 3D adaptive coordinate and spatial resolution transformations within the FMM framework.
    • Application to a periodic system featuring two layers of rotated metallic crosses.
    • Focus on transforming material tensors for compatibility with existing FMM solvers.

    Main Results:

    • Successful implementation of the first systematic 3D adaptive transformations for FMM.
    • Demonstration of the method's applicability to complex 3D periodic structures.
    • Validation of the approach for integration with standard FMM eigenproblem solvers.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed 3D adaptive transformations offer a significant advancement for FMM simulations.
    • This method enhances computational efficiency and accuracy for 3D photonic and plasmonic devices.
    • The approach provides a versatile tool for researchers using FMM for complex material systems.