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Mapping the dynamic complexity of a semiconductor laser with optical feedback using permutation entropy.

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    This study analyzes semiconductor laser output complexity using permutation entropy, revealing new low-feedback dynamics and confirming coherence collapse regions. Complexity mapping is crucial for secure communication applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nonlinear dynamics and chaos theory
    • Semiconductor laser physics
    • Complexity science and time series analysis

    Background:

    • Semiconductor lasers with delayed optical feedback serve as complex, infinite-dimensional dynamical systems.
    • Time series analysis of laser output power is vital for testing complexity analysis tools on experimental data.
    • Characterizing complexity variations in laser output is important for applications like secure communication.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To systematically map the complexity of semiconductor laser output power.
    • To investigate complexity variations with respect to optical feedback levels and injection current.
    • To explore the application of complexity analysis in secure communication.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of output power time series from a semiconductor laser system.
    • Utilizing permutation entropy to quantify complexity.
    • Generating high-resolution maps of permutation entropy against optical feedback and injection current.

    Main Results:

    • First-time achievement of high-resolution permutation entropy maps, confirming uninterrupted coherence collapse regions.
    • Discovery of new low optical feedback dynamics below the coherence collapse region.
    • Demonstration of complexity map dependence on permutation entropy delay time, with specific findings for delay times matching external cavity delay.

    Conclusions:

    • Permutation entropy analysis provides valuable insights into semiconductor laser dynamics and complexity.
    • The choice of delay time in permutation entropy significantly impacts complexity mapping and interpretation.
    • Complexity analysis, particularly with appropriate delay times, shows promise for secure communication and identifying system dynamics.