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Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
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Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

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Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
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Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
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Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production
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Adenovirus-triggered innate signalling pathways.

G Fejer, M Freudenberg, U F Greber

    European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology
    |February 12, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Adenoviruses trigger strong immune responses through Toll-like Receptor (TLR)-dependent and -independent pathways. Understanding these innate immune mechanisms is key for treating adenovirus diseases and improving viral vector applications.

    Keywords:
    IL-1IRF7Toll-like receptorsadenovirusendosomal escapeinnate responsetype-I interferonsviral entry

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Virology
    • Biomedical Research

    Background:

    • Adenoviruses are significant human pathogens and increasingly used as vectors in biomedical applications.
    • Adenovirus infections and vector applications elicit robust innate and adaptive immune responses.
    • Immune responses significantly impact disease progression and the efficacy of adenovirus vectors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize current knowledge on adenovirus-induced innate immune mechanisms.
    • To highlight the roles of Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) and other pathways.
    • To underscore the importance of understanding these mechanisms for clinical applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Review and synthesis of existing research on adenovirus-host interactions.
    • Analysis of viral and cellular factors involved in innate immunity.
    • Discussion of Toll-like Receptor (TLR)-dependent and -independent pathways.

    Main Results:

    • Adenoviruses activate complex innate immune signaling cascades.
    • Both viral components and cellular sensors (including TLRs) are critical.
    • Immune responses can be both beneficial (pathogen clearance) and detrimental (adverse vector effects).

    Conclusions:

    • A comprehensive understanding of adenovirus-induced innate immunity is essential.
    • This knowledge is crucial for developing effective treatments for adenovirus infections.
    • Optimizing adenovirus vector design requires detailed insight into immune evasion and activation strategies.