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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

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AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
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Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

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Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
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Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

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Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus
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Urinary bladder stone complicating ventriculovesical shunt.

Ahmed K Ibrahim1

  • 1Mosul College of Medicine, Mosul, Ninevah, Iraq,

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal
|February 12, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A rare complication of ventriculovesical shunts, bladder stones, can occur. This case highlights successful treatment via cystolithotomy and shunt redirection, resolving urinary symptoms.

Keywords:
Case ReportHematuriaIraqSurgical Procedures, OperativeUrinary Bladder CalculiUrinary IncontinenceVentriculoperitoneal Shunt, Surgical

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Urology
  • Medical Complications

Background:

  • Standard hydrocephalus treatment involves ventriculoperitoneal or ventriculo-atrial shunts.
  • Conventional shunts have complications and high revision rates, necessitating alternative procedures for some patients.
  • Ventriculovesical shunts, though uncommon, present unique potential complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare complication associated with a ventriculovesical shunt.
  • To describe the successful management of a large bladder stone complicating a ventriculovesical shunt.
  • To highlight the efficacy of cystolithotomy and shunt redirection.

Main Methods:

  • A 42-year-old female patient with a four-year-old ventriculovesical shunt presented with urinary issues.
  • Diagnostic evaluation revealed a large vesical calculus obstructing the shunt's vesical end.
  • Treatment involved open suprapubic cystolithotomy and rerouting the shunt to the peritoneal cavity.

Main Results:

  • The patient experienced recurrent urinary tract infections, hematuria, and urge incontinence prior to treatment.
  • Successful removal of the vesical stone and shunt revision were achieved.
  • Postoperative follow-up for 12 months showed complete resolution of urinary symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Vesical stone formation is a rare but significant complication of ventriculovesical shunts.
  • Open suprapubic cystolithotomy combined with shunt redirection offers an effective treatment strategy.
  • This approach can successfully resolve urinary complications and improve patient quality of life.