Thyroid cancer, clinical and hystopathological study on patients under 25 years in Tabriz, Iran (2000-2012)

Thyroid cancer comprises a broad spectrum of diseases with variable prognoses. The aim of this study was to assess thyroid cancer in young population using the surveillance, epidemiology and end results database and whether radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl accident in 1986 influenced thyroid cancer incidence among children and adolescents in Tabriz, Iran. Patients aged 5-25 in Tabriz from April 2000 to April 2012 were studied. Using the surveillance and end results database, the study examined the overall incidence of thyroid cancer with variations based on tumor pathology, size and stage, as well as the current surgical therapy of thyroid carcinoma. This study demonstrated a positive correlation between thyroid carcinoma tumor size and stage of disease. Mortality rates were higher among men than women. Recurrence rates are also higher in men. Compared with women, men have greater likelihood ofloco regional lymph node involvement and more than twice the rate of distant metastases. Operative treatment for thyroid cancer also has shifted with Radical dissection+Total thyroidectomy replacing partial thyroidectomy as the most common surgical procedure. Our data indicate that the increasing incidence of thyroid cancer cannot be accounted for fully by an increased detection of small neoplasms. This study show the increasing in thyroid cancer incidence related to exposure to radiation from the Chernobyl accident.