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Related Concept Videos

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

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The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

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Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction

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Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
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Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy01:21

Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy

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Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
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Statin-associated necrotizing autoimmune myopathy.

Geórgea Hermogenes Fernandes1, Edmar Zanoteli, Samuel Katsuyuki Shinjo

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.

Modern Rheumatology
|February 13, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Necrotizing autoimmune myopathy (NAM) is a severe statin side effect. This case report highlights NAM as a crucial differential diagnosis for myopathies, emphasizing prompt immunosuppressive treatment for improved outcomes.

Keywords:
DyslipidemiaMyopathyMyositisNecrotizing autoimmune myopathyStatin

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Antibody Transfection into Neurons as a Tool to Study Disease Pathogenesis
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Statins are widely prescribed cholesterol-lowering drugs.
  • Necrotizing autoimmune myopathy (NAM) is a rare but serious adverse drug reaction.
  • Identifying the cause of myopathy is critical for effective treatment.

Observation:

  • A 66-year-old female presented with progressive proximal muscle weakness after statin initiation.
  • Muscle biopsy revealed necrotizing myopathy with minimal inflammation and increased MHC Class I expression.
  • Clinical and laboratory markers of muscle damage improved with immunosuppressive therapy.

Findings:

  • The patient's condition improved significantly following immunosuppressive treatment.
  • Muscle biopsy findings were consistent with necrotizing autoimmune myopathy.
  • This case supports a link between statin use and the development of NAM.

Implications:

  • Statin-induced NAM should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained myopathies.
  • Early recognition and immunosuppressive treatment can lead to favorable patient outcomes.
  • Further research into the mechanisms of statin-induced myotoxicity is warranted.