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Related Concept Videos

In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

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To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
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Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Analysis of Somatic Hypermutation in the JH4 intron of Germinal Center B cells from Mouse Peyer's Patches
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Dissecting mammalian immunity through mutation.

Owen M Siggs1

  • 1Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.

Immunology and Cell Biology
|February 13, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Single-gene mutations can impair the immune system, offering insights into human immunology. Advanced methods like CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis are crucial for understanding gene function in immunity.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The immune system evolved through mutation and natural selection.
  • Increasingly, single-gene mutations are identified that compromise immune function.
  • Understanding these mutations is key to advancing human immunology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the discovery and creation of mutations impacting mammalian immunity.
  • To highlight the utility of mutagenesis in defining gene function.
  • To emphasize genome-wide approaches for systematic gene function analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on mutation discovery in immunity.
  • Focus on chemical and CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis techniques.
  • Discussion of methods for measuring physiological effects of mutations.

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Assessing Somatic Hypermutation in Ramos B Cells after Overexpression or Knockdown of Specific Genes
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

Analysis of Somatic Hypermutation in the JH4 intron of Germinal Center B cells from Mouse Peyer's Patches
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Assessing Somatic Hypermutation in Ramos B Cells after Overexpression or Knockdown of Specific Genes
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Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production
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Published on: March 2, 2014

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Main Results:

  • Single-gene mutations provide valuable models for studying immune deficiencies.
  • Genome-wide mutagenesis enables systematic functional genomics.
  • CRISPR/Cas9 and chemical mutagenesis are powerful tools for immune gene discovery.

Conclusions:

  • Mutations are instrumental in dissecting the complexities of the immune system.
  • Modern mutagenesis techniques accelerate the understanding of immune gene function.
  • Further research using these tools will enhance our knowledge of human immunology.