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Related Concept Videos

Plasmodesmata01:20

Plasmodesmata

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In a multicellular organism, cells must communicate to work together in a coordinated manner. One way that cells communicate is through direct contact with other cells. The points of contact that connect adjacent cells are called intercellular junctions.
Intercellular junctions are a feature of fungal, plant, and animal cells. However, different types of junctions are found in different kinds of cells. Intercellular junctions found in animal cells include tight junctions, gap junctions, and...
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Plasmodesmata02:32

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The organs in a multicellular organism’s body are made up of tissues formed by cells. To work together cohesively, cells must communicate. One way that cells communicate is through direct contact with other cells. The points of contact that connect adjacent cells are called intercellular junctions.
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Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane01:28

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The translocon complex situated on the ER membrane is the main gateway for the protein secretory pathway. It facilitates the transport of nascent peptides into the ER lumen and their insertion into the ER membrane.
Sec61 protein conducting channel
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Transcellular transport of solutes is the movement of substances like monosaccharides and amino acids through polarized cells. This transport mechanism is primarily seen in epithelial and endothelial cells aided by membrane transport proteins such as channels and transporters. The tight junctions between these cells confine the membrane proteins to the two sides of the cell. The epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral domains. In contrast, the endothelial cells show the luminal...
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The Apoplast and Symplast01:46

The Apoplast and Symplast

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Plant growth depends on its ability to take up water and dissolved minerals from the soil. The root system of every plant is equipped with the necessary tissues to facilitate the entry of water and solutes. The plant tissues involved in the transport of water and minerals have two major compartments - the apoplast and the symplast. The apoplast includes everything outside the plasma membrane of living cells and consists of cell walls, extracellular spaces, xylem, phloem, and tracheids. The...
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Cotranslational Protein Translocation01:20

Cotranslational Protein Translocation

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Translocation of proteins across membranes is an ancient process that occurs even in bacteria and archaebacteria. In fact, the components of the translocation machinery are still conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Heavy meromyosin complexing filaments in the phloem of Vicia faba and Xylosma congestum.

Planta·2014
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An investigation of bidirectional translocation in the Phloem.

Physiologia plantarum·2010
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Phloem Pressure Differences and C-Assimilate Translocation in Ecballium elaterium.

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Effect of Water Stress on Turgor Differences and C-Assimilate Movement in Phloem of Ecballium elaterium.

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Phloem Translocation and Heat-induced Callose Formation in Field-grown Gossypium hirsutum L.

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Sieve plate callose. A factor in blockage of axial phloem transport.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

A Strategy to Validate the Role of Callose-mediated Plasmodesmal Gating in the Tropic Response
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A Strategy to Validate the Role of Callose-mediated Plasmodesmal Gating in the Tropic Response

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Translocation blockage by sieve plate callose.

R B McNairn1, H B Currier

  • 1Department of Botany, University of California, Davis.

Planta
|February 13, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Heating cotton plant hypocotyls temporarily blocks nutrient translocation by increasing callose. This phloem transport blockage is reversible within hours, showing no lasting plant injury.

Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Phloem Transport Mechanisms

Background:

  • Phloem translocation is crucial for nutrient distribution in plants.
  • Understanding factors affecting phloem transport is key to crop yield.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of localized heat treatment on axial translocation in cotton plants.
  • To determine the reversibility and cellular mechanisms of heat-induced phloem transport inhibition.

Main Methods:

  • Localized heating of cotton hypocotyls using a water jacket (40-45°C).
  • Monitoring axial translocation rates and callose deposition.
  • Assessing plant injury through growth measurements and staining.

Main Results:

  • Heat treatment (4 cm, 15 min, 40-45°C) inhibited axial translocation.

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  • Inhibition persisted for at least 3 hours, with recovery within 6 hours.
  • Increased callose deposition on sieve plates was observed, correlating with inhibited translocation.

    • Conclusions:

    • Localized heating induces reversible pore constriction in cotton hypocotyls via callose deposition.
    • This constriction temporarily blocks phloem translocation without causing permanent plant injury.
    • Callose formation is a key factor in heat-induced phloem transport blockage.