Phosphorus transport to the xylem and its regulation by water flow

The effects of water flow on phosphorus uptake by roots and on its subsequent translocation to shoots were separated by giving short-term pulses of (32)P-labelled nutrient to intact tomato plants. At the end of a 5 min pulse, all the (32)P taken up by the plants was confined to the roots. Only about half of this (32)P was later translocated to shoots; there was very little translocation after 4 hours.Experiments after long-term labelling showed that only a small part of the total P in the root is readily translocated to shoots. This P appears to be in part of the symplast and contributes about 75% of the P transported to the xylem sap. The rest is presumably derived by leakage from vacuoles.A slow rate of water flow reduced both uptake into the symplast and the translocation to the shoots of P which had already been absorbed by the roots. This was conclusively demonstrated by giving a (32)P pulse before reducing the rate of water flow; (32)P not translocated to shoots was partly retained by the roots and partly lost to the external solution. Water flow also accelerates transport to the xylem of previously-absorbed P in excised roots.It is concluded that the major effect of water flow on phosphorus transport to shoots occurs after phosphorus uptake by the roots, probably during radial transport to the xylem.