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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Spermatogenesis is a complex process that involves the development of sperm cells from undifferentiated stem cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. The process is essential for the production of mature and functional sperm cells that are capable of fertilizing an egg.
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Sporulation is a complex developmental process that allows certain Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium species, to survive extreme environmental conditions. This process is tightly regulated by a series of signaling cascades and transcriptional controls, ensuring the formation of a highly resistant endospore.Sporulation is triggered by unfavorable conditions, such as nutrient depletion, and is governed by a phosphorelay system. One of the sensor kinases, such as...
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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Regulatory non-coding transcripts in spermatogenesis: shedding light on 'dark matter'.

A Mukherjee1, S Koli, K V R Reddy

  • 1Division of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Mumbai, India.

Andrology
|February 13, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Male infertility is rising due to declining sperm quality. Regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) control spermatogenesis, with long non-coding RNAs playing a crucial, understudied role in this vital process.

Keywords:
epigeneticmicroRNAnon-coding RNApiRNAspermatogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Molecular Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Male infertility is a growing global concern, linked to reduced sperm count and quality.
  • Spermatogenesis, the process of sperm development, is a complex, highly regulated mechanism.
  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression at multiple levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding ncRNAs' roles in spermatogenesis.
  • To highlight the specific involvement and regulatory functions of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in male germ cell development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on ncRNAs and spermatogenesis.
  • Analysis of current research on gene expression regulation during sperm formation.
  • Focus on identifying the functions of lncRNAs in male reproduction.

Main Results:

  • Various ncRNAs, including microRNAs and PIWI-interacting RNAs, are confirmed regulators of spermatogenesis.
  • Emerging evidence points to long non-coding RNAs as critical controllers of gene expression during this process.
  • The specific roles of lncRNAs in spermatogenesis are increasingly recognized but remain an area for further exploration.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs are essential for the precise regulation of spermatogenesis.
  • Long non-coding RNAs represent a significant, yet underexplored, frontier in understanding male fertility.
  • Further research into lncRNAs could reveal novel therapeutic targets for male infertility.