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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

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Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH...
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Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

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Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
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Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

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Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
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Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor,...
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Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

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Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence...
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Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
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Thyroid dysfunction in major psychiatric disorders in a hospital based sample.

Rajiv Radhakrishnan1, Sam Calvin, Jyotin Kshitiz Singh

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

The Indian Journal of Medical Research
|February 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid dysfunction is common in both schizophrenia-spectrum and mood disorders. Autoimmune thyroid disease is more prevalent in schizophrenia patients, highlighting the need for thyroid screening.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Thyroid hormonal status abnormalities are frequent in major psychiatric disorders.
  • The link between thyroid dysfunction and bipolar disorder is recognized, but its association with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders is less emphasized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare the prevalence of abnormal thyroid hormonal status in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders versus mood disorders.
  • To assess the relevance of thyroid screening in schizophrenia patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 468 inpatient samples from a tertiary care hospital.
  • Collected data on thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), T3, T4, FT3, and FT4 levels.
  • Compared rates of abnormal thyroid function using chi-square tests.

Main Results:

  • Abnormal thyroid hormonal status was observed in 29.3% of schizophrenia patients and 23.24% of mood disorder patients.
  • Hypothyroidism rates were 25.17% in schizophrenia and 21.62% in mood disorders.
  • Anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibody positivity was higher in schizophrenia patients (11 out of 18).

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid dysfunction is prevalent in both schizophrenia-spectrum and mood disorder patients.
  • Autoimmune thyroid disease is more common in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.
  • Screening for abnormal thyroid hormonal status is recommended for patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.