Mass spectrometry imaging: applications to food science

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Analytical Chemistry
• Pharmacognosy

Background:

• Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is an emerging technique for analyzing biomolecule distribution in biological samples.
• It enables simultaneous determination of analyte identity and spatial localization without requiring antibodies or fluorescent labels.
• Understanding molecular distribution is crucial for analyzing complex biological matrices, including herbal medicines.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the application of MSI for analyzing the localization of functional constituents and nutrients in herbal medicine products.
• To highlight the capability of MSI in characterizing the distribution of specific compounds within herbal matrices.

Main Methods:

• Two-dimensional mass spectrometry measurements were performed on sample sections.
• Mass images were reconstructed based on target signals to visualize analyte distribution.
• The technique was applied to analyze the localization of ginsenosides in Panax ginseng and capsaicin in Capsicum fruits.

Main Results:

• Ginsenosides were predominantly found in the periderm and root tip of Panax ginseng.
• Capsaicin exhibited dominant localization in the placenta of Capsicum fruits, with lower concentrations in the pericarp and seed.
• MSI successfully visualized the spatial distribution of these key compounds within their respective herbal matrices.

Conclusions:

• Mass spectrometry imaging is a powerful tool for elucidating the localization of functional constituents in herbal medicines.
• The technique provides valuable insights into compound distribution, aiding in the quality assurance of herbal products.
• MSI is expected to become an indispensable technique for optical quality control in the field of herbal medicine analysis.